Cogprints: No conditions. Results ordered -Date, Title. 2018-01-17T14:29:10ZEPrintshttp://cogprints.org/images/sitelogo.gifhttp://cogprints.org/2010-05-21T15:00:50Z2011-03-11T08:57:37Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6846This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/68462010-05-21T15:00:50ZAn Agent-based Simulation of the Effectiveness of Creative Leadership
This paper investigates the effectiveness of creative versus
uncreative leadership using EVOC, an agent-based model of
cultural evolution. Each iteration, each agent in the artificial society invents a new action, or imitates a neighbor’s action. Only the leader’s actions can be imitated by all other agents, referred to as followers. Two measures of creativity were used: (1) invention-to-imitation ratio, iLeader, which measures how often an agent invents, and (2) rate of conceptual change, cLeader, which measures how creative an invention is. High iLeader increased mean fitness of ideas, but only when creativity of followers was low. High iLeader was associated with greater diversity of ideas in the early stage of idea generation only. High Leader increased mean fitness of ideas in the early stage of idea generation; in the later stage it decreased idea fitness. Reasons for these findings and tentative implications for creative leadership in human society are discussed. M.Sc. Stefan Leijnenstefan.leijnen@ubc.caDr. Liane Gaboraliane.gabora@ubc.ca2010-06-06T14:34:19Z2011-03-11T08:57:37Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6852This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/68522010-06-06T14:34:19ZLandscape in the Economy of Conspicuous Consumptions
Psychological states side by side with the bounded rational expectations among social agents contributes to the pattern of consumptions in economic system. One of the psychological states are the envy – a tendency to emulate any gaps with other agents’ properties. The evolutionary game theoretic works on conspicuous consumption are explored by growing the micro-view of economic agency in lattice-based populations, the landscape of consumptions. The emerged macro-view of multiple equilibria is shown in computational simulative demonstrations altogether with the spatial clustered agents based upon the emerged agents’ economic profiles. Hokky Situngkirhs@compsoc.bandungfe.net2010-10-18T11:05:23Z2011-03-11T08:57:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7039This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/70392010-10-18T11:05:23ZSignatures of the neurocognitive basis of culture wars found in moral psychology data
Moral Foundation Theory (MFT) states that groups of different observers may rely on partially dissimilar sets of moral foundations, thereby reaching different moral valuations on a subset of issues. With the introduction of functional imaging techniques, a wealth of new data on neurocognitive processes has rapidly mounted and it has
become increasingly more evident that this type of data should provide an adequate basis for modeling social systems. In particular, it has been shown that there is a spectrum of cognitive styles with respect to the differential handling of novel or corroborating information.
Furthermore this spectrum is correlated to political affiliation. Here we use methods of statistical mechanics to characterize the collective behavior of an agent-based model society whose interindividual interactions due to information exchange in the form of opinions, are in qualitative agreement with neurocognitive and psychological data. The main conclusion derived from the model is
that the existence of diversity in the cognitive strategies yields different statistics for the sets of moral foundations and that these arise from the cognitive interactions of the agents. Thus a simple interacting agent model, whose interactions are in accord with empirical data about moral dynamics, presents statistical signatures
consistent with those that characterize opinions of conservatives and liberals. The higher the difference in the treatment of novel and corroborating information the more agents correlate to liberals.
Prof Nestor Catichanestor@if.usp.brDr Renato Vicentervicente@usp.br2009-11-14T11:37:18Z2011-03-11T08:57:31Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6679This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/66792009-11-14T11:37:18ZThe Dynamics of Political Parties’ Coalition in Indonesia:
The evaluation of political party elites’ opinionDuring the Indonesian president election process, the coalition of parties could be shown as the dominant process beside the president campaign. The coalition could be regarded as the emergence of the parties’ preferential coherence based upon the interest and attributes of each party. The similarity and difference of parties’ preference and attributes could be depicted through of party elites’ opinions and attitude toward flowered political issues. In this paper, we use the Heider’s balance theory to construct relation network among parties by using the longitudinal news data of the party elite’s opinion that published by the media, and then analyze the dynamic of coalition formation in the Indonesian political system during the election process. We have shown that the balance of the party’s relational network move toward the larger balance index relative to the initial condition. This phenomenon has verified the structural balance hypothesis especially for the conflict situation such as the election process. Interestingly, the balance of the system is fluctuated dynamically through time following certain trajectory. This dynamics is divided into 3 phases, that is, disorder state, conflict state, and order state, as well as signed the difference of party behavior before and after the legislative election. Moreover, we also analyzed the stability two parties’ relation in particular period in order to understand specifically the dynamic of the system in triadic level.Ardian MaulanaDeni Khanafiah 2010-01-30T03:40:56Z2011-03-11T08:57:35Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6769This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/67692010-01-30T03:40:56ZHow Creative Should Creators be to Optimize the Evolution of Ideas? A Computer ModelThere are both benefits and drawbacks to creativity. In a social group it is not necessary for all members to be creative to benefit from creativity; some merely imitate or enjoy the fruits of others' creative efforts. What proportion should be creative? This paper outlines investigations of this question carried out using a computer model of cultural evolution referred to as EVOC (for EVOlution of Culture). EVOC is composed of neural network based agents that evolve fitter ideas for actions by (1) inventing new ideas through modification of existing ones, and (2) imitating neighbors' ideas. The ideal proportion with respect to fitness of ideas is found to depend on the level of creativity of the creative agents. For all levels or creativity, the diversity of ideas in a population is positively correlated with the ratio of creative agents.Stefan Leijnenstefanleijnen@gmail.comDr. Liane Gaboraliane.gabora@ubc.ca2008-01-27T03:55:57Z2011-03-11T08:57:03Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5911This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/59112008-01-27T03:55:57ZBoundary effects in a three-state modified voter model for languages
The standard three-state voter model is enlarged by including the outside pressure favouring one of the three language choices and by adding some biased internal random noise. The Monte Carlo simulations are motivated by states with the population divided into three groups of various affinities to each other. We show the crucial influence of the boundaries for moderate lattice sizes like 500 x 500. By removing the fixed boundary at one side, we demonstrate that this can lead to the victory of one single choice. Noise in contrast stabilizes the choices of all three populations. In addition, we compute the persistence probability, i.e., the number of sites who have never changed their opinion during the simulation, and we consider the case of ”rigid-minded” decision makers.Tarik Hadzibeganovictarik@edu.uni-graz.atDietrich Staufferstauffer@thp.uni-koeln.deChristian Schulze2007-07-28Z2011-03-11T08:56:55Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5621This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/56212007-07-28ZSmall World Network of Athletes: Graph Representation of the World Professional Tennis Player
The paper proposes an alternative way to observe and extract the multiple matches games of sports, i.e.: tennis tournament in the Athlete’s Historical Relative Performance Index and its representation as graph. The finding of the small world topology is elaborated along with further statistical patterns in the fashion of the weighted and directed network. The explanation of the sport tournament system as a highly optimized system is hypothetically proposed. Finally, some elaborations regarding to further directions of the usability of the proposed methodology is discussed.Hokky Situngkir2007-07-28Z2011-03-11T08:56:55Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5620This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/56202007-07-28ZHistorical Relative Performance Index over Interconnectedness of Badminton AthletesThe paper proposes the Historical Relative Performance Index in order to quantitatively extract information in the scores hit in the sets of head-to-head game in badminton tournaments. The index is treated as the weights of the directed networks built between competing athletes. The paper also proposes the way to build the fully connected network based on the empirically found network in order to have relative index between athletes that have never nor will be met in series of games. Some further directions as well as implementation to small amount of data is described for advanced analysis. Hokky SitungkirDeni KhanafiahRolan Mauludy2007-05-08Z2011-03-11T08:56:50Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5542This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/55422007-05-08ZComputational Experiments with the Fuzzy Love and Romance
The paper report some experiments on the issue of human mating games and sexual preferences in the perspective of population and some macro-social realms. The notions of love, romance, fidelity, and sexual attractiveness are those comprising the theory to human intra-species evolution but yet still rare to be employed to understand human social, economic, and cultural studies in terms of sociology or economics. The paper did experiments on those issues, on the possible relation between population growth, power-law distribution of wealth, and some other relevant points to our realization of evolutionary theory of sexual selection. The paper expects to open an alternative bridge of our advancement in human evolution and the complexity of the social system. Hokky Situngkir2007-05-04Z2011-03-11T08:56:50Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5510This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/55102007-05-04ZTrees of Electoral District in Indonesian Legislative Election: Empirical Case of Assortments in 2004 General Election
The short paper presents interesting discussions related to specific Indonesian legislative election system. We build algorithmic steps in computational geometry that employ the basic patterns that emerged from the legal decisions of Indonesian General Election Commission about the election district. Some interesting facts are observed and tried to be analyzed and concerning them to the democratization processes in the country. The further implementation of the model can be utilized as a tool to see the patterns of optimizations for the beneficial of particular parties, to evaluate the election results, and to see the relatedness of the legally-decided configurations of election district in Indonesia. Hokky SitungkirRolan Mauludy2007-05-08Z2011-03-11T08:56:50Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5509This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/55092007-05-08ZThe Ribbon of Love: Fuzzy-Ruled Agents in Artificial Societies
The paper brings two motivations to the theoretical explorations of social analysis. The first is to enrich the agent based computational sociology by incorporating the fuzzy set theory in to the computational modeling. This is conducted by showing the importance to include the fuzziness into artificial agent’s considerations and her way acquiring and articulate information. This is continued with the second motives to bring the Darwinian sexual selection theory – as it has been developed broadly in evolutionary psychology – into the analysis of social system including cultural analysis and other broad aspects of sociological fields. The two was combined in one computational model construction showing the fuzziness of mating choice, and how to have computational tools to explain broad fields of social realms. The paper ends with some opened further computer program development. Hokky Situngkir2006-12-03Z2011-03-11T08:56:42Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5263This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/52632006-12-03ZAdvertising in Duopoly MarketThe paper presents the dynamics of consumer preferences over two competing products acting in duopoly market. The model presented compared the majority and minority rules as well as the modified Snazjd model in the Von Neumann neighborhood. We showed how important advertising in marketing a product is. We show that advertising should also consider the social structure simultaneously with the content of the advertisement and the understanding to the advertised product. Some theoretical explorations are discussed regarding to size of the market, evaluation of effect of the advertising, the types of the advertised products, and the social structure of which the product is marketed. We also draw some illustrative models to be mproved as a further work.Hokky Situngkir2006-12-08Z2011-03-11T08:56:43Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5285This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/52852006-12-08ZThe Social Cognitive ActorMulti-Agent Simulation (MAS) of organisations is a methodology that is adopted in this dissertation in order to study and understand human behaviour in organisations.
The aim of the research is to design and implementat a cognitive and social multi-agent simulation model based on a selection of social and cognitive theories to fulfill the need for a complex cognitive and social model. The emphasis of this dissertation is the relationship between behaviour of individuals (micro-level) in an organisation and the behaviour of the organisation as a whole (macro-level).
Dr. Ing. Martin / J.M. Helmhout2006-12-08Z2011-03-11T08:56:42Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5269This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/52692006-12-08ZPolisemia e slittamenti semantici nei concetti ANIMA e CORPO nel mondo occidentale, ovvero l'errore di San PaoloStoricamente il cristianesimo deve molto al giudaismo. Il cristianesimo di San Paolo, tuttavia, ha cambiato il modo di ragionare su concetti come il sé, il corpo, e la cognizione umana. Senza volere trattare certi concetti teologici, mi prefiggo di sottolineare come il punto di vista della scienza moderna è più vicino al giudaismo tradizionale che al cristianesimo, e di spiegare la diffusione dell’“errore” di Paolo nel mondo occidentale, analizzando la semantica dei riferimenti linguistici (e in particolar modo le metafore e le metonimie) dei concetti anima e corpo e del rapporto con la concezione del sé.
Cresciuto da “uomo franco” cioè, da cittadino romano in un ambiente cosmopolita, Paolo è considerato il testimone più influente e produttivo del pensiero cristiano nell’Asia Minore e nell’Europa Occidentale. Le sue epistole circolarono durante la sua vita e continuano ad influenzare miliardi di seguaci, i quali spesso interpretano le sue idee in modo contrastante, ma ciononostante attestando una specifica autorevolezza.
Erudito greco-romano, inizialmente persecutore dei primi Cristiani, Paolo ha lottato per diffondere la storia di Gesù di Nazareth. La sua ideologia, infatti, è stata vista da molti come un amalgama tra il pensiero greco-romano e ciò che egli stesso ha appreso dai primi cristiani. Queste caratteristiche elleniche, più o meno reali, del sistema religioso introdussero una differenza significativa all’interno del pensiero giudaico tradizionale, dal quale, per mezzo dell’influenza dei suoi scritti, si sarebbe sviluppato il credo cristiano. Di fatti, il cristianesimo ha acquisito una struttura più coerente grazie a Paolo, quasi da inferire che la fede cristiana deve più a Paolo che a Gesù.
Quale era l’errore di San Paolo? La domanda vuole essere sia allusiva che provocatoria. L’insegnamento giudaico a proposito del concetto del sé era piuttosto olistico. Per esempio, la parola ebraica nephesh è spesso tradotta come “anima” ma, metaforicamente, significa anche “corpo”, mentre, secondo i suoi interpreti, Paolo chiaramente fa delle distinzioni dualistiche, e parlando della “concupiscenza” predica la necessità di dominare la carne per esaltare lo spirito. Con gli strumenti della linguistica cognitiva, propongo un’analisi della polisemia e degli slittamenti semantici nei concetti di ANIMA e CORPO, e come l’autorità attribuita a Paolo eventualmente ha influenzato il pensiero occidentale sul ragionare di queste rappresentazioni mentali.
Vito Evola2006-05-25Z2011-03-11T08:56:26Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4889This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/48892006-05-25ZTalking Nets: A Multi-Agent Connectionist Approach to Communication and Trust between Individuals
A multi-agent connectionist model is proposed that consists of a collection of individual recurrent networks that communicate with each other, and as such is a network of networks. The individual recurrent networks simulate the process of information uptake, integration and memorization within individual agents, while the communication of beliefs and opinions between agents is propagated along connections between the individual networks. A crucial aspect in belief updating based on information from other agents is the trust in the information provided. In the model, trust is determined by the consistency with the receiving agents’ existing beliefs, and results in changes of the connections between individual networks, called trust weights. Thus activation spreading and weight change between individual networks is analogous to standard connectionist processes, although trust weights take a specific function. Specifically, they lead to a selective propagation and thus filtering out of less reliable information, and they implement Grice’s (1975) maxims of quality and quantity in communication. The unique contribution of communicative mechanisms beyond intra-personal processing of individual networks was explored in simulations of key phenomena involving persuasive communication and polarization, lexical acquisition, spreading of stereotypes and rumors, and a lack of sharing unique information in group decisions. Frank Van OverwalleFrancis Heylighen2005-05-05Z2011-03-11T08:56:03Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4342This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/43422005-05-05ZCredit Rationing and Internal Ratings in the Face of Innovation and UncertaintySome empirical investigations are pointing to the fact that high-tech firms are subject to credit rationing to a higher extent than the avereage. This excess of credit rationing may not be due top information asymmetries, but rather to the inability of credit institutions to screen projects in novel fields. This article provides a model of this phenomenon and explores its implications in the light of recent changes in the screening procedures of major banks. In particular, the changes to be made in order to comply with the "Basel II" accord emphasise the impact of screening procedures on credit rationing.Guido Fioretti2005-04-21Z2011-03-11T08:55:59Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4264This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/42642005-04-21ZThe Emergence of Symbiotic Groups Resulting From Skill-Differentiation and TagsThe paper presents a evolutionary simulation where the presence of ‘tags’ and an inbuilt specialisa-tion in terms of skills result in the development of ‘symbiotic’ sharing within groups of individuals with similar tags. It is shown that the greater the number of possible sharing occasions there are the higher the population that is able to be sustained using the same level of resources. The ‘life-cycle’ of a particular cluster of tag-groups is illustrated showing: the establishment of sharing; a focusing-in of the cluster; the exploitation of the group by a particular skill-group and the waning of the group. This simulation differs from other tag-based models in that is does not rely on either the forced donation of resources to individuals with the same tag and where the tolerance mechanism plays a significant part. These ‘symbiotic’ groups could provide the structure necessary for the true emergence of artificial societies, supporting the division of labour found in human societies.Bruce Edmonds2005-04-21Z2011-03-11T08:55:59Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4265This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/42652005-04-21ZUsing Localised ‘Gossip’ to Structure Distributed LearningThe idea of a “memetic” spread of solutions through a human culture in parallel to their development is applied as a distributed approach to learning. Local parts of a problem are associated with a set of overlappingt localities in a space and solutions are then evolved in those localites. Good solutions are not only crossed with others to search for better solutions but also they propogate across the areas of the problem space where they are relatively successful. Thus the whole population co-evolves solutions with the domains in which they are found to work. This approach is compared to the equivalent global evolutionary computation approach with respect to predicting the occcurence of heart disease in the Cleveland data set. It greatly outperforms the global approach, but the space of attributes within which this evolutionary process occurs can effect its efficiency.Bruce Edmonds2005-05-05Z2011-03-11T08:56:03Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4341This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/43412005-05-05ZFinancial fragility in a basic agent-based modelA simple agent-based model of business units lending money to one another is sufficient to understand on what conditions avalanches of bankruptcies may arise. The model highlights the consequences of specialisation into money lending as well as the impact of preferential lending relations.Guido Fioretti2005-04-21Z2011-03-11T08:55:59Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4268This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/42682005-04-21ZModelling Learning and R&D in Innovative Environments: a Cognitive Multi-Agent ApproachEvolutionary arguments are an appropriate approach to the analysis of industry dynamics in a knowledge-based economy, because they can deal properly with innovation processes, technological change, path-dependence and knowledge. But in order to formalise all of this verbal accounting, researchers need methodological tools which support their theoretical analysis. In this paper we suggest some of the main requirements for computer simulation to have the same standing as the traditional tools used by neoclassical economists. Among others, aggregated behaviour should emerge from micro-foundations, economic agents should exhibit bounded rational behaviour, learning must be endogenous and human learning should be in agreement with some stylised facts from cognitive science and psychology. We argue that multi-agent systems is a methodology which fulfills some of the requirements above. We also propose an alternative way for modelling cognitive learning in evolutionary environments, which is in agreement with some basic concepts from cognitive science. Agents are endowed with both declarative and procedural knowledge. We have used our approach to build evolutionary models of innovative industries, where firms learn how to change their decisions about R&D budget, production, technology, etc. We refer as well to some applications using the same framework to model behavioural financial markets, economic geography and water resource management. J. PajaresC. HernándezA. López-Paredes2005-04-20Z2011-03-11T08:55:59Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4262This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/42622005-04-20ZAgainst the inappropriate use of numerical representation in social simulationAll tools have their advantages and disadvantages and for all tools there are times when they are appropriate and times when they are not. Formal tools are no exception to this and systems of numbers are examples of such formal tools. Thus there will be occasions where using a number to represent something is helpful and times where it is not. To use a tool well one needs to understand that tool and, in particular, when it may be inadvisable to use it and what its weaknesses are.
However we are in an age that it obsessed by numbers. Governments spend large amounts of money training its citizens in how to use numbers and their declarative abstractions (graphs, algebra etc.) We are surrounded by numbers every day in: the news, whether forecasts, our speedometers and our bank balance. We are used to using numbers in loose, almost “conversational” ways – as with such concepts as the rate of inflation and our own “IQ”. Numbers have become so famliar that we no more worry about when and why we use them than we do about natural language. We have lost the warning bells in our head that remind us that we may be using numbers inappropriately. They have entered (and sometimes dominate) our language of thought. Computers have exasperbated this trend by making numbers very much easier to store/manipulate/communicate and more seductive by making possible attractive pictures and animations of their patterns. More subtley, when thought of as calculating machines that can play games with us and simulate the detail of physical systems, they suggest that everything comes down to numbers.
For this reason it is second nature for us to use numbers in our social simulations and we frequently do so without considering the consequences of this choice. This paper is simply a reminder about numbers: a call to remember that they are just another (formal) tool; it recaps some of the conditions which indicate when a number is applicable and when it might be misleading; it looks at some of the dangers and pitfalls of using numbers; it considers some examples of the use of numbers; and it points out that we now have some viable alternatives to numbers that are not any less formal but which may be often preferable.Dr Bruce Edmonds2005-04-20Z2011-03-11T08:55:59Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4263This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/42632005-04-20ZArtificial Science
– a simulation test-bed for studying the social processes of scienceit is likely that there are many different social processes occurring in different parts of science and at different times, and that these processes will impact upon the nature, quality and quantity of the knowledge that is produced in a multitude of ways and to different extents. It seems clear to me that sometimes the social processes act to increase the reliability of knowledge (such as when there is a tradition of independently reproducing experiments) but sometimes does the opposite (when a closed clique act to perpetuate itself by reducing opportunity for criticism). Simulation can perform a valuable role here by providing and refining possible linkages between the kinds of social processes and its results in terms of knowledge. Earlier simulations of this sort include Gilbert et al. in [10]. The simulation described herein aims to progress this work with a more structural and descriptive approach, that relates what is done by individuals and journals and what collectively results in terms of the overall process.Bruce Edmonds2004-11-29Z2011-03-11T08:55:44Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3966This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/39662004-11-29ZCognitive modeling of social behaviors To understand both individual cognition and collective activity, perhaps the greatest opportunity today is to integrate the cognitive modeling approach (which stresses how beliefs are formed and drive behavior) with social studies (which stress how relationships and informal practices drive behavior). The crucial insight is that norms are conceptualized in the individual mind as ways of carrying out activities. This requires for the psychologist a shift from only modeling goals and tasks —why people do what they do—to modeling behavioral patterns—what people do—as they are engaged in purposeful activities. Instead of a model that exclusively deduces actions from goals, behaviors are also, if not primarily, driven by broader patterns of chronological and located activities (akin to scripts).
To illustrate these ideas, this article presents an extract from a Brahms simulation of the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS), in which a crew of six people are living and working for a week, physically simulating a Mars surface mission. The example focuses on the simulation of a planning meeting, showing how physiological constraints (e.g., hunger, fatigue), facilities (e.g., the habitat’s layout) and group decision making interact. Methods are described for constructing such a model of practice, from video and first-hand observation, and how this modeling approach changes how one relates goals, knowledge, and cognitive architecture. The resulting simulation model is a powerful complement to task analysis and knowledge-based simulations of reasoning, with many practical applications for work system design, operations management, and training.William J. ClanceyMaarten SierhuisBruce DamerBoris Brodsky2005-04-20Z2011-03-11T08:55:58Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4261This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/42612005-04-20ZHow are physical and social spaces related?
– cognitive agents as the necessary “glue”There have been very few models which explicitly include actions and effects within a physical space as well as communication and action within a social space. This paper argues that such models will be necessary if we are to understand how and why human entities organise themselves in physical space. A consequence of such models will involve a move away from relatively simple individual-based simulations towards more complex agent-based simulations due to the necessary encapsulation of the agents who act in space and communicate with peers. Thus some sort of cognitive agency will be necessary to connect the communication with the action of the individuals. This parallels Carley’s call for social network models to be agentified (Carley).
Thus this paper argues that such agency will be unavoidable in adequate models of the spatial distribution of human-related actors and, further, that the spaces within which action and communication occur will have to be, at least somewhat, distinct. Thus the burdon of proof is upon those modellers who omit such aspects.
To establish the potential importance of the interplay between social and physical spaces, and to illustrate the approach I am suggesting, I exhibit a couple of agent-based simulations which involve both physical and social spaces. The first of these is an abstract model whose purpose is simply to show how the topology of the social space can have a direct influence upon spatial self-organisation, and the second is a more descriptive model which aims to show how a suitable agent-based model may inform observation of social phenomena by suggesting questions and issues that need to be investigated.Dr Bruce Edmonds2005-05-14Z2011-03-11T08:56:03Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4355This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/43552005-05-14ZIdentifying cases of social contagion using memetic isolation: comparison of the dynamics of a multisociety simulation with an ethnographic data setA simulation is presented of a grid of connected societies of reproducing agents. These agents are capable of horizontal and vertical transmission of non-genetic cultural traits (memes). This simulation exhibits the theoretically predicted effect that horizontally transmitted memes are less likely, overall, to be encountered in geographical isolation than strictly vertically transmitted ones. Furthermore, when horizontal memes are under cultural selection, and thus behave 'contagiously', their likelihood of geographical isolation is virtually eliminated. By contrast, natural selection has far weaker effects than cultural selection in reducing geographical isolation. Thus it should be possible to identify contagious memes by an examination of their geographical distribution. The degree of geographical isolation of 17 categories of postulated cultural traits in an ethnographic data set of 863 societies is then examined, and compared with the simulations, using z-tests. Using this method, the empirical data can be sorted into four broad categories, each with a different spectrum of probabilities of mode of transmission and contagion.Dr Derek Gatherer2004-10-08Z2011-03-11T08:55:42Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3865This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/38652004-10-08ZConnecting adaptive behaviour and expectations in models of innovation: The Potential Role of Artificial Neural NetworksIn this methodological work I explore the possibility of explicitly modelling expectations conditioning the R&D decisions of firms. In order to isolate this problem from the controversies of cognitive science, I propose a black box strategy through the concept of “internal model”. The last part of the article uses artificial neural networks to model the expectations of firms in a model of industry dynamics based on Nelson & Winter (1982).Murat Yildizogluyildi2004-10-08Z2011-03-11T08:55:42Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3864This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/38642004-10-08ZModeling Adaptive Learning: R&D Strategies in the Model of Nelson & Winter (1982)This article aims to test the relevance of learning through Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Learning Classifier Systems (LCS), in opposition with fixed R&D rules, in a simplified version of the evolutionary industry model of Nelson and Winter. These three R&D strategies are compared from the points of view of industry performance (welfare): the results of simulations clearly show that learning is a source of technological and social efficiency.Murat Yildizogluyildi