Cogprints: No conditions. Results ordered -Date, Title. 2018-01-17T14:26:30ZEPrintshttp://cogprints.org/images/sitelogo.gifhttp://cogprints.org/2017-02-18T22:07:19Z2017-02-18T22:07:19Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/9841This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/98412017-02-18T22:07:19ZThe Idea of WillThis article presents a new conceptual view on the conscious will. This new concept approaches our will from the perspective of the requirements of our neural-muscular system and not from our anthropocentric perspective. This approach not only repositions the will at the core of behavior control, it also integrates the studies of Libet and Wegner, which seem to support the opposite. The will does not return as an instrument we use to steer, but rather as part of the way we learn new automatic behavior and of how our neural system steers us. The new concept suggests that understanding of our will is more about understanding of our daily behavior then about the will itself.Drs. M.M. Dorenboschmichieldorenbosch@yahoo.co.uk2012-11-09T19:41:42Z2012-11-09T19:41:42Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/8279This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/82792012-11-09T19:41:42ZOn Social and Economic Spheres: An Observation of the “gantangan” Indonesian tradition
Indonesian traditional villagers have a tradition for the sake of their own social and economic security named “nyumbang”. There are wide variations of the traditions across the archipelago, and we revisit an observation to one in Subang, West Java, Indonesia. The paper discusses and employs the evolutionary game theoretic insights to see the process of “gantangan”, of the intertwining social cohesion and economic expectation of the participation within the traditional activities. The current development of the “gantangan” tradition is approached and generalized to propose a view between the economic and social sphere surrounding modern people. The interaction between social and economic sphere might be seen as a kind of Lokta-Volterra’s predator-prey-like interaction, where both are conflicting yet in a great necessity one another for the sustainability of the social life. While some explanations due to the current development of “gantangan” is drawn, some aspects related to traditional views complying the modern life with social and economic expectations is outlined. Hokky SitungkirYanu Endar Prasetyo2011-09-19T11:57:40Z2012-05-18T14:25:32Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7623This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/76232011-09-19T11:57:40ZThe Moral of Politics Constitutes Ideological Perspectives
The paper reports some insights that is acquired in the online survey observing the moral politics among Indonesian. The survey maps the participant’s responses into two dimensional axis of political ideology, comprised by the source of moral virtues (ethic-esoteric) and the method to achieve them (progressive-conservative). Since the political ideology is emerged from the moral political values, the observations through the responses in the survey are delivered. The observation also brings some insights from information theory, regarding to the uncertainty within the political minds as captured by the survey.Hokky Situngkirhs@compsoc.bandungfe.net2011-06-01T11:28:17Z2011-06-01T11:28:17Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7367This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/73672011-06-01T11:28:17ZHappiness: Between What We Want and What We NeedThe paper presents a very simple toy model that is simulated to experience some aspects related to what is it people want and need when related to the social happiness. By outlining some short discussions related to the distinguishing of what we call “want” and “need”, we see how both micro-social aspects may emerge the happiness as well as the urge to innovate and affinity to the collective creativity and social progress. Hokky Situngkirhs@compsoc.bandungfe.net2010-08-06T11:18:44Z2011-03-11T08:57:39Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6904This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/69042010-08-06T11:18:44ZEvolution of Consumers’ Preferences due to InnovationThe integration process between evolutionary approach and conventional economic analysis is very essential for the next development of economic studies, especially in the fundamental concepts of modern economics: supply and demand analysis. In this presentation, we use the concept of meme to explore evolution of demand. This study offers an evolutionary model of demand, which views utility as a function of the distance between the two types of sequences of memes (memeplex), which represent economic product and consumer preference. It is very different from the conventional approach of demand, which only views utility as a function of quantity. This modification provides an opportunity to see innovation and transformation of consumer preferences in the demand perspective. Innovation is seen as a change in sequence of memes in economic products, while the transformation of consumer behavior is defined as a change in the aligning memes of consumer preference. Demand quantity is the result of the selection process. This model produces some interesting characteristics, such as: (i) quantitative and qualitative properties of evolution of demand, (ii) relationship between consumer behavior and properties of evolution of demand that occurred and (iii) power law on the distribution of product lifetime. At the end we show the improvement of utility function, in the concept of meme, might create a new landscape for the further development of economics.Rolan Mauludyrmd@compsoc.bandungfe.netHokky Situngkirhs@compsoc.bandungfe.net2011-05-02T17:16:16Z2011-05-02T17:16:16Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7267This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/72672011-05-02T17:16:16ZLife is an Adventure! An agent-based reconciliation of narrative and scientific worldviews
The scientific worldview is based on laws, which are supposed to be certain, objective, and independent of time and context. The narrative worldview found in literature, myth and religion, is based on stories, which relate the events experienced by a subject in a particular context with an uncertain outcome. This paper argues that the concept of “agent”, supported by the theories of evolution, cybernetics and complex adaptive systems, allows us to reconcile scientific and narrative perspectives. An agent follows a course of action through its environment with the aim of maximizing its fitness. Navigation along that course combines the strategies of regulation, exploitation and exploration, but needs to cope with often-unforeseen diversions. These can be positive (affordances, opportunities), negative (disturbances, dangers) or neutral (surprises). The resulting sequence of encounters and actions can be conceptualized as an adventure. Thus, the agent appears to play the role of the hero in a tale of challenge and mystery that is very similar to the "monomyth", the basic storyline that underlies all myths and fairy tales according to Campbell [1949]. This narrative dynamics is driven forward in particular by the alternation between prospect (the ability to foresee diversions) and mystery (the possibility of achieving an as yet absent prospect), two aspects of the environment that are particularly attractive to agents. This dynamics generalizes the scientific notion of a deterministic trajectory by introducing a variable “horizon of knowability”: the agent is never fully certain of its further course, but can anticipate depending on its degree of prospect.Francis Heylighenfheyligh@vub.ac.be2010-06-06T14:34:11Z2011-03-11T08:57:21Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6437This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/64372010-06-06T14:34:11ZCoalitions in Multiparty System: Empirical Reflection of the Indonesian Regional Elections
A lot of changing in recent Indonesian political dynamics with eventual fact shows how political recruitment for legislative and executive chairs in national as well as regional levels in direct voting systems have brought the patterns of coalitions among political parties into interesting focus of observation. We evaluate the Regional Elections data held since June 2005 to September 2008 as election matrix. The matrix is then transformed into the ultrametric space yielding the hierarchical trees based on proximity on inter-party coalition. We represent the distance of coalitions among political parties based on the activity in regional elections and contrasting the findings with some nation-wide facts of the respective properties. The observations draws how Indonesian voters are failed to be segregated into any extreme political and ideological streams but the combinations among the existing and widely-recognized ones.Hokky SitungkirArdian Maulana2009-01-21T22:43:48Z2011-03-11T08:57:18Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6322This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/63222009-01-21T22:43:48ZConversations on the Search for a ‘Physics & Chemistry
– an Alchemy’ of Innovation - Reward Systems.
Bruno Latour in “How to evaluate innovation” develops a fairly simple well argumented procedure based upon the experimental sciences which may prove valuable to all. Latour suggests that the scientific method should be applied not only by scientists but even more so by major decision makers especially politician. Doing one's best and working for the better are some of the the questions discussed in this paper.
Some of Latour's concepts are clarified by translation to simple graphical models. Models for failure MTBF-mean time between failure - are playfully, creatively transformed into models for success.
In spite of the many serious issues discussed,this paper hopefully remains light-hearted in its style and approach. Mr James Alexanderjalex45@gmail.com2008-12-17T22:13:15Z2011-03-11T08:57:17Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6297This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/62972008-12-17T22:13:15ZThe Global and Local in Phillips Curve
The debate over the Phillips Curve - as the relation between level of unemployment rate and inflation rate - in historical economics is shortly reviewed. By using the analysis in the Extreme Value Theory, i.e.: the rank order statistics the unemployment and inflation data over countries from various regions are observed. The calculations brought us to conjecture that there exists the general pattern that could lead from the relation between unemployment and inflation rate. However, the difference patterns as observed in the Phillips Curve might could be reflected from the range of values of the local variables of the incorporated model.
Hokky Situngkir2008-12-04T17:46:50Z2011-03-11T08:57:17Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6289This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/62892008-12-04T17:46:50ZGetting Things Done: The Science behind Stress-Free ProductivityAllen (2001) proposed the “Getting Things Done” (GTD) method for personal productivity enhancement, and reduction of the stress caused by information overload. This paper argues that recent insights in psychology and cognitive science support and extend GTD’s recommendations. We first summarize GTD with the help of a flowchart. We then review the theories of situated, embodied and distributed cognition that purport to explain how the brain processes information and plans actions in the real world. The conclusion is that the brain heavily relies on the environment, to function as an external memory, a trigger for actions, and a source of affordances, disturbances and feedback. We then show how these principles are practically implemented in GTD, with its focus on organizing tasks into “actionable” external memories, and on opportunistic, situation-dependent execution. Finally, we propose an extension of GTD to support collaborative work, inspired by the concept of stigmergy.Francis Heylighenfheyligh@vub.ac.beClément Vidalclement.vidal@philosophons.com2007-07-28Z2011-03-11T08:56:55Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5623This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/56232007-07-28ZDecision-Making: A Neuroeconomic PerspectiveThis article introduces and discusses from a philosophical point of view the nascent field of neuroeconomics, which is the study of neural mechanisms involved in decision-making and their economic significance. Following a survey of the ways in which decision-making is usually construed in philosophy, economics and psychology, I review many important findings in neuroeconomics to show that they suggest a revised picture of decision-making and ourselves as choosing agents. Finally, I outline a neuroeconomic account of irrationality. Benoit Hardy-Vallee2009-04-21T02:37:55Z2011-03-11T08:57:21Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6422This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/64222009-04-21T02:37:55ZAproximaciones a la ontología del arte (Approaches to the Ontology of Art)El presenta trabajo describe y caracteriza de manera breve y concisa lo que podría ser una ontología del arte. En la primera sección se presentan las dificultades actuales, así
como las nociones y preguntas principales de la ontología. En la sección segunda, en base de los aportes del NCOR, se bosqueja las definiciones y caracterizaciones actuales
de la ontología, se hace especial hincapié, en la ontología aplicada. En la tercera y cuarta sección se caracteriza y configura lo que podría ser una ontología del arte, se
evidencian sus limitaciones así como sus perspectivas y trazabilidad para hacer viable dicha ontología; adicionalmente se abordan los aportes del realismo anglosajón a la cuestión. En la ultima sección se intenta abordar la situación de las artes en Latinoamérica, y de cómo una ontología del arte podría ayudar a su desarrollo. El propósito de esta caracterización es hacer evidente que es plausible dar un tratamiento integral al problema de la realidad y su configuración y desarrollo en los mundos
regionales, como, el mundo del arte. La mayor utilidad de este trabajo, reside en el impacto que en el mediano plazo tendrá en las técnicas y herramientas de análisis de la
realidad, así como, una mejor comprensión y entendimiento del mundo del arte.Paulo Vélez Leónpaulo.velez@ucuenca.edu.ec2005-08-02Z2011-03-11T08:56:04Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4377This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/43772005-08-02ZAdaptive Probability Theory: Human Biases as an AdaptationHumans make mistakes in our decision-making and probability judgments. While the heuristics used for decision-making have been explained as adaptations that are both efficient and fast, the reasons why people deal with probabilities using the reported biases have not been clear. We will see that some of these biases can be understood as heuristics developed to explain a complex world when little information is available. That is, they approximate Bayesian inferences for situations more complex than the ones in laboratory experiments and in this sense might have appeared as an adaptation to those situations. When ideas as uncertainty and limited sample sizes are included in the problem, the correct probabilities are changed to values close to the observed behavior. These ideas will be used to explain the observed weight functions, the violations of coalescing and stochastic dominance reported in the literature.André C. R. Martins2004-04-07Z2011-03-11T08:55:30Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3535This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/35352004-04-07ZTopology of large-scale engineering problem-solving networksThe last few years have led to a series of discoveries that uncovered statistical properties that are common
to a variety of diverse real-world social, information, biological, and technological networks. The goal of the
present paper is to investigate the statistical properties of networks of people engaged in distributed problem
solving and discuss their significance. We show that problem-solving networks have properties ~sparseness,
small world, scaling regimes! that are like those displayed by information, biological, and technological
networks. More importantly, we demonstrate a previously unreported difference between the distribution of
incoming and outgoing links of directed networks. Specifically, the incoming link distributions have sharp
cutoffs that are substantially lower than those of the outgoing link distributions ~sometimes the outgoing
cutoffs are not even present!. This asymmetry can be explained by considering the dynamical interactions that
take place in distributed problem solving and may be related to differences between each actor’s capacity to
process information provided by others and the actor’s capacity to transmit information over the network. We
conjecture that the asymmetric link distribution is likely to hold for other human or nonhuman directed
networks when nodes represent information processing and using elements.Dan BrahaYaneer Bar-Yam1999-07-16Z2011-03-11T08:53:43Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/183This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1831999-07-16ZThe Fifth InfluenceThis article is a theoretical consideration on the role of sensory pleasure and mental joy as optimizers of behavior. It ends with an axiomatic proposal. When they compare the human body to its environment, Philosophers recognise the cosmos as the Large Infinite, and the atomic particles as the Small Infinite. The human brain reaches such a degree of complexity that it may be considered as a third infinite in the universe, a Complex Infinite. It follows that any force capable of moving such an infinite deserves a place among the forces of the universe. Physicists have recognized four forces, the gravitational, the electromagnetic, the weak, and the strong nuclear force. Forces are defined in four dimentions (reversible or not in time) and it is postulated that these forces are valid and applicable everywhere. Pleasure and displeasure, the affective axis of consciousness, can move the infinitely complex into action and no human brain can avoid the trend to maximize its pleasure. Therefore, we suggest, axiomatically, that the affective capability of consciousness operates in a way similar to the four forces of the Physics, i.e. influences the behavior of conscious agents in a way similar to the way the four forces influence masses and particles. However, since a mental phenomenon is dimensioneless we propose to call the affective capability of consciousness the fifth influence rather than the fifth force.Michel CabanacRemi A. CabanacHarold T. Hammel2006-12-08Z2011-03-11T08:56:43Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5278This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/52782006-12-08ZDiscrete conventional signalling of a continuous variableIn aggressive interactions, animals often use a discrete set of signals,
while the properties being signalled are likely to be continuous, for example
fighting ability or value of victory. Here we investigate a particular model
of fighting which allows for conventional signalling of subjective resource
value to occur. The result shows that neither perfect nor no signalling are
evolutionarily stable strategies (ESSs) in the model. Instead, we find ESSs in
which partial information is communicated, with discrete displays signalling
a range of values rather than a precise one. The result also indicates that
communication should be more precise in conflicts over small resources.
Signalling strategies can exist in fighting because of the common interest
in avoiding injuries, but communication is likely to be limited because of
the fundamental conflict over the resource. Our results reflect a compromise
between these two factors. Data allowing for a thorough test of the model are lacking; however, existing data seem consistent with the obtained theoretical results.Magnus EnquistStefano GhirlandaPete L. Hurd1998-08-07Z2011-03-11T08:53:51Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/359This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3591998-08-07ZThe Possible Incommensurability of Utilities and the Learning of GoalsThis is a short article to examine the following possibility: that a single agent might simultaneously have different utilities that are incommensurable. Some arguments aginst this possiblity are considered and rejected. Two practical examples are given and its implications in terms of goal change and learning are discussed.Bruce Edmonds1998-03-22Z2011-03-11T08:53:46Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/249This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/2491998-03-22ZOne Fan's PratfallsWhen Professor Orr published his hostile review of Darwin's Dangerous Idea in the biology journal, Evolution, last February, I was not pleased. His review was full of falsehoods and misconstruals, but I had no recourse; that journal, like most academic journals, does not permit authors to respond to reviews. Luckily for me, Orr has been so eager to warn the world of my errors that he has restated his attack, with embellishments, in the Boston Review, which has invited me to respond. Months have passed, the damage has been done, but at least I get to set the record straight.Daniel C. Dennett1998-06-15Z2011-03-11T08:53:48Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/314This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3141998-06-15ZFitness as Default: the evolutionary basis of cognitive complexity reductionGiven that knowledge consists of finite models of an infinitely complex reality, how can we explain that it is still most of the time reliable? Survival in a variable environment requires an internal model whose complexity (variety) matches the complexity of the environment that is to be controlled. The reduction of the infinite complexity of the sensed environment to a finite map requires a strong mechanism of categorization. A measure of cognitive complexity (C) is defined, which quantifies the average amount of trial-and-error needed to find the adequate category. C can be minimized by "probability ordering" of the possible categories, where the most probable alternatives ("defaults") are explored first. The reduction of complexity by such ordering requires a low statistical entropy for the cognized environment. This entropy is automatically kept down by the natural selection of "fit" configurations. The high probability, "default" cognitive categorizations are then merely mappings of environmentally "fit" configurations.Francis Heylighen2001-03-31Z2011-03-11T08:54:37Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1424This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/14242001-03-31ZA Step in the Right DirectionA review of
W. Thomas Miller, III, Richard S. Sutton, and Paul J. Werbos (Eds.) Neural Networks for Control. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 1990. pp. 524.
This multi-disciplinary volume concerns the use of artificial neural networks in controlling dynamical processes. As used here 'dynamical' describes processes, such as certain chemical reaction systems, robots, or manufacturing plants, whose operation is governed by known or unknown non-linear models and which, therefore, are subject to certain types of problems related to unpredictability and chaotic performance. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are mathematical models whose components emulate the function of biological nervous systems.
Mary Ann Metzger1998-04-05Z2011-03-11T08:53:54Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/431This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4311998-04-05ZEvolution, Error and IntentionalitySometimes it takes years of debate for philosophers to discover what it is they really disagree about. Sometimes they talk past each other in long series of books and articles, never guessing at the root disagreement that divides them. But occasionally a day comes when something happens to coax the cat out of the bag. "Aha!" one philosopher exclaims to another, "so that's why you've been disagreeing with me, misunderstanding me, resisting my conclusions, puzzling me all these years!"Daniel C. Dennett1998-03-27Z2011-03-11T08:53:46Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/250This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/2501998-03-27ZEliminate the Middletoad!Philosophical controversy about the mind has flourished in the thin air of our ignorance about the brain. The humble toad, it now seems, may provide our first instance of a creature whose whole brain is within the reach of our scientific understanding. What will happen to the traditional philosophical issues as our theoretical and factual ignorance recedes? Discussion of the issues explored in the target article is, as Ewert says, "often too theoretical, sometimes philosophical and even [as if that weren't bad enough?--DCD] emotion-laden." The research reported by Ewert has interesting philosophical implications, as he probably recognizes, but he wisely leaves the philosophy to the philosophers. Being one, I would like to draw some of the conclusions he eschews.Daniel C. Dennett