Cogprints: No conditions. Results ordered -Date, Title. 2018-01-17T14:24:30ZEPrintshttp://cogprints.org/images/sitelogo.gifhttp://cogprints.org/2017-08-16T13:45:03Z2017-08-16T13:45:03Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/10261This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/102612017-08-16T13:45:03ZPeer Review — An Insult to the Reader and to Society: Milton's ViewPeer review is, with near universality, now insisted upon as required pre-certification before a work can be published — allegedly, and questioningly, serving as a stamp of approval that assures the reader of its quality, validity, and accuracy. Today’s peer review is different in substance, but not in form, from the pre-publication censorship that so enraged Milton and led him to write his _Areopagitica_. The position he took nearly four hundred years ago reminds us that pre-publication restraint is the expres-sion of the interlinked fears of nonconformity, of the vulnerability of professional territorial turf, of disturbance of the status quo, and fear of independence of thought and resulting innovation. We are reminded that the principal target of intellectual suppression is the creative mind.Dr. Steven James Bartlettsbartlet@willamette.edu2013-11-18T21:14:07Z2013-11-18T21:14:07Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/9120This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/91202013-11-18T21:14:07ZContribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-IndexThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear.MARYAM FARHADIHADI SALEHIMOHAMED AMIN EMBIMASOOD FOOLADIHADI FARHADIAREZOO AGHAEI CHADEGANINADER ALE EBRAHIM2013-11-18T21:13:38Z2013-11-18T21:13:38Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/9117This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/91172013-11-18T21:13:38ZEffective Strategies for Increasing Citation FrequencyDue to the effect of citation impact on The Higher Education (THE) world university ranking system, most of the researchers are looking for some helpful techniques to increase their citation record. This paper by reviewing the relevant articles extracts 33 different ways for increasing the citations possibilities. The results show that the article visibility has tended to receive more download and citations. This is probably the first study to collect over 30 different ways to improve the citation record. Further study is needed to explore and expand these techniques in specific fields of study in order to make the results more precisely.Nader Ale EbrahimHadi SalehiMohamed Amin EmbiFarid Habibi TanhaHossein GholizadehSeyed Mohammad MotaharAli Ordi2013-11-18T21:03:14Z2013-11-18T21:03:14Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/9075This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/90752013-11-18T21:03:14ZThe emergence of choice: Decision-making and strategic thinking through analogiesConsider the chess game: When faced with a complex scenario, how does understanding arise in one’s mind? How does one integrate disparate cues into a global, meaningful whole? how do humans avoid the combinatorial explosion? How are abstract ideas represented? The purpose of this paper is to propose a new computational model of human chess intuition and intelligence. We suggest that analogies and abstract roles are crucial to solving these landmark problems. We present a proof-of-concept model, in the form of a computational architecture, which may be able to account for many crucial aspects of human intuition, such as (i) concentration of attention to relevant aspects, (ii)
how humans may avoid the combinatorial explosion, (iii) perception of similarity at a strategic level, and (iv) a state of meaningful anticipation over how a global scenario
may evolve. Dr Alexandre Linhareslinhares@clubofrome.org.br2013-09-17T14:30:08Z2013-09-17T14:30:08Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/9033This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/90332013-09-17T14:30:08ZDoes it Matter Which Citation Tool is Used to Compare the h-index of a Group of Highly Cited Researchers?h-index retrieved by citation indexes (Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science) is used to measure the scientific performance and the research impact studies based on the number of publications and citations of a scientist. It also is easily available and may be used for performance measures of scientists, and for recruitment decisions. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between the outputs and results from these three citation databases namely Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science based upon the h-index of a group of highly cited researchers (Nobel Prize winner scientist). The purposive sampling method was adopted to collect the required data. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the h-index between three citation indexes of Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science; the Google scholar h-index was more than the h-index in two other databases. It was also concluded that there is a significant positive relationship between h-indices based on Google scholar and Scopus. The citation indexes of Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science may be useful for evaluating h-index of scientists but they have some limitations as well.Hadi FarhadiHadi SalehiMelor Md YunusArezoo Aghaei ChadeganiMaryam FarhadiMasood FooladiNader Ale Ebrahim2012-11-09T19:56:57Z2013-02-18T15:13:25Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/8715This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/87152012-11-09T19:56:57ZAn Automated Petri-Net Based Approach for Change Management in Distributed Telemedicine EnvironmentThe worldwide healthcare industry is facing a number of daunting challenges which are forcing healthcare systems worldwide to adapt and transform, and will ultimately completely redefine the way they do business and deliver care for patients. In this paper, we present a distributed telemedicine environement reaping from both the benefits of Service Oriented Approach (SOA) and the strong telecoms capabilities. We propose an automated approach to handle changes in a distributed telemedicine environement. A combined Petri nets model to handle changes and Reconfigurable Petri nets model to react to these changes are used to fulfill telemedicine functional and non functional requirements.S MtibaaM Tagina2012-04-25T12:29:38Z2012-04-25T12:29:38Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/8149This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/81492012-04-25T12:29:38ZCategory of Metabolic-Replication Systems
in Biology and MedicineMetabolic-repair models, or (M,R)-systems were introduced in Relational Biology by Robert Rosen. Subsequently, Rosen represented such (M,R)-systems (or simply MRs) in terms of categories of sets, deliberately selected without any structure other than the discrete topology of sets. Theoreticians of life’s origins postulated that Life on Earth has begun with the simplest possible organism, called the primordial. Mathematicians interested in biology attempted to answer this important question of the minimal living organism by defining the functional relations that would have made life possible in such a minimal system- a grandad and grandma of all living organisms on Earth.Prof.Dr. I.C. Baianuibaianu@illinois.edu2012-04-25T12:30:10Z2012-04-25T12:30:10Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/8144This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/81442012-04-25T12:30:10ZQuantum Genetics and Quantum Automata Models of Quantum-Molecular Selection Processes Involved in the Evolution of Organisms and Species Previous theoretical or general approaches (Rosen, 1960; Shcherbik and Buchatsky, 2007) to the problems of Quantum Genetics and Molecular Evolution are considered in this article from the point of view of Quantum Automata Theory first published by the author in 1971 (Baianu,1971a, b) , and further developed in several recent articles (Baianu, 1977, 1983, 1987, 2004, 2011).The representation of genomes and Interactome networks in categories of many-valued logic LMn –algebras that are naturally transformed during biological evolution, or evolve through interactions with the environment provide a new insight into the mechanisms of molecular evolution, as well as organismal evolution, in terms of sequences of quantum automata. Phenotypic changes are expressed only when certain environmentally-induced quantum-molecular changes are coupled with an internal re-structuring of major submodules of the genome and Interactome networks related to cell cycling and cell growth. Contrary to the commonly held view of `standard’ Darwinist models of evolution, the evolution of organisms and species occurs through coupled multi-molecular transformations induced not only by the environment but actually realized through internal re-organizations of genome and interactome networks. The biological, evolutionary processes involve certain epigenetic transformations that are responsible for phenotypic expression of the genome and Interactome transformations initiated at the quantum-molecular level. It can thus be said that only quantum genetics can provide correct explanations of evolutionary processes that are initiated at the quantum—multi-molecular levels and propagate to the higher levels of organismal and species evolution. Biological evolution should be therefore regarded as a multi-scale process which is initiated by underlying quantum (coupled) multi-molecular transformations of the genomic and interactomic networks, followed by specific phenotypic transformations at the level of organism and the variable biogroupoids associated with the evolution of species which are essential to the survival of the species. The theoretical framework introduced in this article also paves the way to a Quantitative Biology approach to biological evolution at the quantum-molecular, as well as at the organismal and species levels. This is quite a substantial modification of the `established’ modern Darwinist, and also of several so-called `molecular evolution’ theories.Professor I.C. Baianu, ibaianu@illinois.edu2012-11-09T19:23:28Z2012-11-09T19:23:28Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/8017This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/80172012-11-09T19:23:28ZTechnology Use in the Virtual R&D TeamsProblem statement:
Although, literature proves the importance of the technology role in the effectiveness of virtual Research and Development (R&D) teams for new product development. However, the factors that make technology construct in a virtual R&D team are still ambiguous. The manager of virtual R&D teams for new product development does not know which type of technology should be used.
Approach:
To address the gap and answer the question, the study presents a set of factors that make a technology construct. The proposed construct modified by finding of the field survey (N = 240). We empirically examine the relationship between construct and its factors by employing the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A measurement model built base on the 19 preliminary factors that extracted from literature review. The result shows 10 factors out of 19 factors maintaining to make technology construct.
Results:
These 10 technology factors can be grouped into two constructs namely Web base communication and Web base data sharing. The findings can help new product development managers of enterprises to concentrate in the main factors for leading an effective virtual R&D team. In addition, it provides a guideline for software developers as well. Conclusion: The second and third generation technologies are now more suitable for developing new products through virtual R&D teams. Nader Ale EbrahimShamsuddin AhmedSalwa Hanim Abdul RashidZahari Taha2011-10-31T01:08:46Z2011-10-31T01:08:46Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7695This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/76952011-10-31T01:08:46ZThe Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs: Experiences of Malaysian SMEsThe number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially those involved with research and development (R&D) programs and employed virtual teams to create the greatest competitive advantage from limited labor are increasing. Global and localized virtual R&D teams are believed to have high potential for the growth of SMEs. Due to the fast-growing complexity of new products coupled with new emerging opportunities of virtual teams, a collaborative approach is believed to be the future trend. This research explores the effectiveness of virtuality in SMEs’ virtual R&D teams. Online questionnaires were emailed to Malaysian manufacturing SMEs and 74 usable questionnaires were received, representing a 20.8 percent return rate. In order to avoid biases which may result from pre-suggested answers, a series of open-ended questions were retrieved from the experts. This study was focused on analyzing an open-ended question, whereby four main themes were extracted from the experts’ recommendations regarding the effectiveness of virtual teams for the growth and performance of SMEs. The findings of this study would be useful to product design managers of SMEs in order to realize the key advantages and significance of virtual R&D teams during the new product development (NPD) process. This in turn, leads to increased effectiveness in new product development's procedure.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.mySalwa Hanim Abdul RashidShamsuddin AhmedZahari Taha2011-12-16T00:01:05Z2011-12-16T00:01:05Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7797This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/77972011-12-16T00:01:05ZThe effectiveness of virtual R\&D teams in SMEs: experiences of Malaysian SMEsThe number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially those involved with research and development (R&D) programs and employed virtual teams to create the greatest competitive advantage from limited labor are increasing. Global and localized virtual R&D teams are believed to have high potential for the growth of SMEs. Due to the fast-growing complexity of new products coupled with new emerging opportunities of virtual teams, a collaborative approach is believed to be the future trend. This research explores the effectiveness of virtuality in SMEs? virtual R&D teams. Online questionnaires were emailed to Malaysian manufacturing SMEs and 74 usable questionnaires were received, representing a 20.8 percent return rate. In order to avoid biases which may result from pre-suggested answers, a series of open-ended questions were retrieved from the experts. This study was focused on analyzing an open-ended question, whereby four main themes were extracted from the experts? recommendations regarding the effectiveness of virtual teams for the growth and performance of SMEs. The findings of this study would be useful to product design managers of SMEs in order to realize the key advantages and significance of virtual R&D teams during the new product development (NPD) process. This in turn, leads to increased effectiveness in new product development's procedure.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myS.H. Abdul RashidS. AhmedZ. Taha2011-11-10T23:39:36Z2011-11-10T23:39:36Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7701This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/77012011-11-10T23:39:36ZWORK TOGETHER… WHEN APART CHALLENGES AND WHAT IS NEED FOR EFFECTIVE VIRTUAL TEAMSIncreasingly competitive global markets and accelerating technological changes have increased the need for people to contact via electronic medium to have daily updates, the people those who could not able to meet face to face every day. Those who contact via electronic medium i.e. Virtual Team, are having number of benefit but to achieve these potential benefits, however, leaders need to overcome liabilities inherent in the lack of direct contact among team members and managers. Team members may not naturally know how to interact effectively across space and time. By this paper author try to throw some lights on the challenges that virtual team faces and try to elaborate what is needed for Virtual Team. MR. R. R. RavalNader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myShamsuddin AhmedZahari Taha2011-10-31T01:08:37Z2011-10-31T01:08:37Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7697This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/76972011-10-31T01:08:37ZVirtual R&D teams and SMEs' growth: A comparative study between Iranian and Malaysian SMEsThis paper explores potential advantages of using virtual teams for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with a comprehensive review on various aspects of virtual teams. Based on the standing of the pertinent literatures, attempt has been made to study the aspects by online survey method in Iran and Malaysia. In both countries, SMEs play an important role in their economies, employments, and capacity building. Virtual R&D team can be one of the means to increase SMEs efficiency and competitiveness in their local as well as global markets. In this context, surveys have been conducted to evaluate the effects of virtuality to the growth of SMEs. The study addresses some differences between two countries in engaging virtual research and development (R&D) teams in their SMEs. It is observed that there is a significant difference between the SMEs turnover that employed virtual team and that did not employ the virtual team. The way for further studies and recommend improvements are proposed.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.mShamsuddin AhmedZahari Taha2011-11-10T23:40:04Z2011-11-10T23:40:04Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7698This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/76982011-11-10T23:40:04ZCritical Factors for New Product Developments in SMEs' Virtual TeamSmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) are considered as an engine for economic growth all over the world and especially for developing countries. During the past decade, new product development (NPD) has increasingly been recognized as a critical factor in ensuring the continued survival of SMEs. On the other hand, the rapid rate of market and technological changes has accelerated in the past decade, so this turbulent environment requires new methods and techniques to bring successful new products to the marketplace. Virtual team can be a solution to answer the requested demand. However, literature have shown no significant differences between traditional NPD and virtual NPD in general, whereas NPD in SME’s virtual team has not been systematically investigated in developing countries. This paper aims to bridge this gap by first reviewing the NPD and its relationship with virtuality and then identifies the critical factors of NPD in virtual teams. The statistical method was utilized to perform the required analysis of data from the survey. The results were achieved through factor analysis at the perspective of NPD in some Malaysian and Iranian manufacturing firms (N = 191). The 20 new product development factors were grouped into five higher level constructs. It gives valuable insight and guidelines, which hopefully will help managers of firms in developing countries to consider the main factors in NPD.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myShamsuddin AhmedZahari Taha2011-12-16T00:00:50Z2011-12-16T00:00:50Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7800This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/78002011-12-16T00:00:50ZVirtual R&D teams and SMEs growth: A comparative study between Iranian and Malaysian SMEsThis paper explores potential advantages of using virtual teams for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with a comprehensive review on various aspects of virtual teams. Based on the standing of the pertinent literature's, attempt has been made to study the aspects by online survey method in Iran and Malaysia. In both countries, SMEs play an important role in their economies, employments, and capacity building. Virtual R&D team can be one of the means to increase SMEs efficiency and competitiveness in their local as well as global markets. In this context, surveys have been conducted to evaluate the effects of virtuality to the growth of SMEs. The study addresses some differences between two countries in engaging virtual research and development (R&D) teams in their SMEs. It is observed that there is a significant difference between the SMEs turnover that employed virtual team and that did not employ the virtual team. The way for further studies and recommend improvements are proposed.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myS. AhmedZ. Taha2011-12-16T00:00:05Z2011-12-16T00:00:05Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7801This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/78012011-12-16T00:00:05ZVirtual teams: a new opportunity to develop a businessVirtual teams give many advantages to organizations, including increased knowledge sharing and improve organizational performance. Virtual teams have altered the expectations and boundaries of knowledge worker?s interactions and make a new opportunity to develop the business. In this paper, we present summary results of an online survey. The online questionnaire was emailed by using a simple random sampling method to 356 Malaysian manufacturing small and medium ?sized Enterprises (SMEs). The findings of this study show that SMEs in Malaysia are gaining to use virtual teams, and it can be concluded that virtual teams provide a new platform for developing the business in SMEs. Based on the study, we suggest avenues for future research that are important to advancing our understanding of virtual team effects on business growth.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myS. AhmedS.H. Abdul RashidZahari Taha2011-11-10T23:39:57Z2011-11-10T23:39:57Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7699This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/76992011-11-10T23:39:57ZSMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are indeed the engines of global economic growth. Their continued growth is a major subject for the economy and employment of any country. Towards that end, virtual research and development (R&D) could be a viable option to sustain and ease the operations of SMEs. However, literature shows there has not been a great deal of research into the diverse characteristic of virtual R&D teams in SMEs. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R&D teams collected from the reputed publications. The purpose of the literature review is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D collaboration in SMEs. Specifying the rationale and relevance of virtual teams, the relationship between virtual R&D team for SMEs and new product development (NPD) has been examined. It concludes with identifying the gaps and feebleness in the existing literature and calls for future research in this area. It is argued to form of virtual R&D team deserves consideration at top level management for venturing into the new product development within SMEs.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myShamsuddin AhmedZahari Taha2010-07-29T01:49:42Z2011-03-11T08:57:38Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6883This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/68832010-07-29T01:49:42ZEffect of Training on Physiological and Biochemical Variables of Soccer Players of Different Age GroupsPurpose: To find out the effect of training on selected physiological and biochemical variables of Indian soccer players of different age groups.
Methods: A total of 120 soccer players volunteered for the study, were divided (n=30) into 4 groups: (i) under 16 years (U16), (ii) under 19 years (U19), (iii) under 23 years (U23), (iv) senior (SR). The training sessions were divided into 2 phases (a) Preparatory Phase (PP, 8 weeks) and (b) Competitive Phase (CP, 4 weeks). The training program consisted of aerobic, anaerobic and skill development, and were completed 4 hrs/day; 5 days/week. Selected physiological and biochemical variables were measured at zero level (baseline data, BD) and at the end of PP and CP.
Results: A significant increase (P<0.05) in lean body mass (LBM), VO2max, anaerobic power, grip and back strength, urea, uric acid and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in body fat, hemoglobin (Hb), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected in some groups in PP and CP phases of the training when compare to BD. However, no significant change was found in body mass and maximal heart rate of the players after the training program.
Conclusion: This study would provide useful information for training and selection of soccer players of different age groups.
Indranil MannaGulshan Lal KhannaPrakash Chandra Dhara2010-04-01T19:34:05Z2011-03-11T08:57:35Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6781This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/67812010-04-01T19:34:05ZRawls’ two principles of justice: their adoption by rational self-interested individuals. In A Theory of Justice.The present paper aims in a first stage, to exploit succinctly the cardinal argument – the contract argument - acquainted in “A Theory of Justice”, which provides incentives for the two principles’ general adoption. In a second stage, a discussion appraising the feasibility of these two principles and their subsequent empirical adoption will be dealt with. This contributes to the provision of counter-arguments and the highlighting of weaknesses.Alexandra Dobraad574@york.ac.uk2011-12-16T00:00:45Z2011-12-16T00:00:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7804This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/78042011-12-16T00:00:45ZVirtual R&D teams in small and medium enterprises: a literature reviewSmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the driving engine behind economic growth. While SMEs play a critical role in generating employment and supporting trade, they face numerous challenges, the prominent among them are the need to respond to fasting time-to-market, low-cost and rapid solutions to complex organizational problems. Towards that end, research and development (R & D) aspect deserves particular attention to promote and facilitate the operations of SMEs. Virtual R & D team could be a viable option. However, literature shows that virtual R & D teaming in SMEs is still at its infancy. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R & D teams collected from the reputed publications. The purpose of the state-of-the-art literature review is to provide an overview on the structure and dynamics of R & D collaboration in SMEs. Specifying the foundation and importance of virtual teams, the relationship between virtual R & D team and SMEs has been examined. It concludes with the identification of the gaps in the existing literature's and calls for future research. It is argued that setting-up an infrastructure for virtual R & D team in SMEs still requires a large amount of engineering efforts and deserves consideration at top level management.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myS. AhmedZahari Taha2009-10-15T22:51:48Z2011-03-11T08:57:29Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6648This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/66482009-10-15T22:51:48ZIs the Human Distinguishable from the Animal by being a Rational Animal?
In Principles of Nature and Grace by G. W. LeibnizThe present paper aims to proceed to a succinct analysis of Leibniz’s Principles of Nature and Grace (section 5), by exploiting the cardinal arguments acquainted in it – namely, is he human distinguishable from the animal thanks to his capacity of being endowed with rationality? Henceforth, for answering this question, the herewith paper obeys to a linear analysis and presents a corpus structured in three main parts. The first two parts aims to highlight the text, through furnishing explanations on the main concepts and concerns, while the third part of the corpus offers at prima facie a criticism towards the Leibnizian principle – according to which humans are rational – in order to finally strengthen this latter principle, by emphazing that there are no solid disparagements (confutatio) towards it.Alexandra Dobraad574@york.ac.uk2011-12-16T00:00:41Z2011-12-16T00:00:41Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7805This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/78052011-12-16T00:00:41ZVirtual teams for new product development: an innovative experience for R&D engineersNew interaction tools such as internet allow companies to gain valuable input from research and development (R\&D) engineers via virtual teams. Consequently, engineers also get more expertise in diminutive time frames. Virtual R\&D teams present the key impetus to the technology acquisition process. The present knowledge-economy era is characterized by short product life-cycles. Virtual R&D teams may reduce time-to-market, make available a large pool of new product know-how and provide greater flexibilities, which are the key success factors in a competitive market. This comprehensive review contains almost 100 references and covers the recent literature with emphasis on the topic. The review has focused on authentic and reputed publications and extracts the results. This article presents the type of virtual teams and their main features and explains how virtual R&D team can play a prominent role in developing new products. The article is evolved future study guideline and also illustrates how to apply virtual interaction tools and integrate engineers into the innovation process. Management of virtual R&D teams in new product development (NPD) processes in an innovative, effective and efficient is of a high importance, but the issue has been poorly addressed in the previous studies. Findings show that virtual R&D team provides valuable input for new product development and R&D engineers are able to attain virtual experience.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myS. AhmedZahari Taha2011-12-16T00:01:22Z2011-12-16T00:01:22Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7811This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/78112011-12-16T00:01:22ZSMEs: ERP or virtual collaboration teamsSmall firms are indeed the engines of global economic growth. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role to promote economic development. SMEs in the beginning of implementing new technologies always face capital shortage and need technological assistance. Available ERP systems do not fulfil the specific requirements of Small firms. SMEs has scarce resources and manpower therefore many SMEs don?t have the possessions to buy and operate an ERP System. On the other hand competition and competitiveness of SMEs have to be strengthened. This paper briefly reviews the existing perspectives on virtual teams and their effect on SMEs management. It also discusses the main characteristics of virtual teams and clarifies the differences aspects of virtual team application in SMEs. After outlining some of the main advantages and pitfall of such teams, it concentrates on comparing of ERP and virtual collaborative teams in SMEs. Finally, it provides evidence for the need of ?Software as a Service (SaaS)? where an application is hosted as a service provided to customers across the web for SMEs as an alternative of ERP. It has been widely argued that ERP disadvantage in SMEs such as administrative expenditure and cost, isolated structure, severe lack of software flexibility, insufficient support of SMEs business and high operating cost, lead SMEs to use virtual collaborative team which is net work base solution. Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myShamsuddin AhmedZahari Taha2011-11-10T23:39:54Z2011-11-10T23:39:54Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7700This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/77002011-11-10T23:39:54ZModified Stage-Gate: A Conceptual Model of Virtual Product Development ProcessIn today’s dynamic marketplace, manufacturing companies are under strong pressure to introduce new products for long-term survival with their competitors. Nevertheless, every company cannot cope up progressively or immediately with the market requirements due to knowledge dynamics being experienced in the competitive milieu. Increased competition and reduced product life cycles put force upon companies to develop new products faster. In response to these pressing needs, there should be some new approach compatible in flexible circumstances. This paper presents a solution based on the popular Stage-Gate system, which is closely linked with virtual team approach. Virtual teams can provide a platform to advance the knowledge-base in a company and thus to reduce time-to-market. This article introduces conceptual product development architecture under a virtual team umbrella. The paper describes all the major aspects of new product development (NPD), NPD process and its relationship with virtual teams, Stage-Gate system finally presents a modified Stage-Gate system to cope up with the changing needs. It also provides the guidelines for the successful implementation of virtual teams in new product development.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myShamsuddin AhmedZahari Taha2011-12-16T00:00:59Z2011-12-16T00:00:59Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7813This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/78132011-12-16T00:00:59ZSMEs and virtual R&D teams: a motive channel for relationship between SMEsIn today?s dynamic marketplace, manufacturing companies are under strong pressure to introduce new products for long-term survival with their competitors. Nevertheless, every company cannot cope up progressively or immediately with the market requirements due to knowledge dynamics being experienced in the competitive milieu. Increased competition and reduced product life cycles put force upon companies to develop new products faster. In response to these pressing needs, there should be some new approach compatible in flexible circumstances. This paper presents a solution based on the popular Stage-Gate system, which is closely linked with virtual team approach. Virtual teams can provide a platform to advance the knowledge-base in a company and thus to reduce time-to-market. This article introduces conceptual product development architecture under a virtual team umbrella. The paper describes all the major aspects of new product development (NPD), NPD process and its relationship with virtual teams, Stage-Gate system finally presents a modified Stage-Gate system to cope up with the changing needs. It also provides the guidelines for the successful implementation of virtual teams in new product development.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myS. AhmedZahari Taha2011-12-16T00:01:10Z2011-12-16T00:01:11Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7814This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/78142011-12-16T00:01:10ZVirtual teams: a literature reviewIn the competitive market , virtual teams represent a growing response to the need for fasting time-to- market, low-cost and rapid solutions to complex organizational problems. Virtual teams enable organizations to pool the talents and expertise of employees and non-employees by eliminating time and space barriers . Nowadays, companies are heavily investing in virtual team to enhance their performance and competitiveness. Despite virtual teams growing prevalence, relatively little is known about this new form of team. Hence the study offers an extensive literature review with definitions o f virtual teams and a structured analysis of the present body of knowledge of virtual teams. First, we distinguish virtual teams from conventional teams , different types of virtual teams to identify where current knowledge applies. Second, we distinguish what is needed for effective virtual team considering the people, process and technology point of view and underlying characteristics of virtual teams and challenges they entail. Finally, we have identified an d extended 12 key factors that need to be considered, and describes a methodology focused on supporting virtual team working, with a new approach that has not been specifically addressed in the existing literature and some guide line for future research extracted.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myS. AhmedZahari Taha2011-12-16T00:00:33Z2011-12-16T00:00:33Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7819This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/78192011-12-16T00:00:33ZConcurrent collaboration in research and developmentIntegration is the essence of current research and development (R&D) activity in many organizations. Integration can be established in various ways depending on the type, size and intricacy in organizational functions and products. Nevertheless, research and development (R&D) has become an inevitable function in most manufacturing companies in order to develop their own product niches for their survival in the prevailing highly completion market environment. Research and development functions are fundamental drivers of value creation in technology based enterprises. Of creating and maintaining a vibrant R&D environment, organizations individually or collectively need to incorporate virtual R&D team. A virtual R\&D team can introduce new product in less lead time than by conventional R\&D working. Therefore, how to increase the possibility of having more successful R\&D is a critical issue for enterprises. This paper examines the current approach of collaboration in R\&D issues from the perspective of their impact on virtual R\&D team in enterprises and compares the findings with the other concepts of concurrent collaboration. By reviewing literature and theories, the paper firstly presents the definition and characteristics of virtual R&D teams. A comparison of different types of virtual R&D teams along with the strengths and limitations of the preceding studies in this area are also presented. It is observed that most of the research activities encourage and support virtual R\&D teams applicable to enterprises. Distinctive benefits of establishing virtual R&D team have been enumerated and demand future attention has been indicated in the paper.Nader Ale Ebrahimaleebrahim@siswa.um.edu.myS. AhmedZahari Taha2008-06-13T00:09:09Z2011-03-11T08:57:08Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/6096This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/60962008-06-13T00:09:09ZAgainst the Tide. A Critical Review by Scientists of How Physics and Astronomy Get DoneNobody should have a monopoly of the truth in this universe. The censorship and suppression of challenging ideas against the tide of mainstream research, the blacklisting of scientists, for instance, is neither the best way to do and filter science, nor to promote progress in the human knowledge. The removal of good and novel ideas from the scientific stage is very detrimental to the pursuit of the truth. There are instances in which a mere unqualified belief can occasionally be converted into a generally accepted scientific theory through the screening action of refereed literature and meetings planned by the scientific organizing committees and through the distribution of funds controlled by "club opinions". It leads to unitary paradigms and unitary thinking not necessarily associated to the unique truth. This is the topic of this book: to critically analyze the problems of the official (and sometimes illicit) mechanisms under which current science (physics and astronomy in particular) is being administered and filtered today, along with the onerous consequences these mechanisms have on all of us.
The authors, all of them professional researchers, reveal a pessimistic view of the miseries of the actual system, while a glimmer of hope remains in the "leitmotiv" claim towards the freedom in doing research and attaining an acceptable level of ethics in science.Martín López CorredoiraCarlos Castro PerelmanJuan Miguel CampanarioBrian MartinWolfgang KundtJ. Marvin HerndonMarian ApostolHalton C. ArpTom Van FlandernAndrei P. KirilyukHenry H. Bauer2005-10-20Z2011-03-11T08:56:09Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4512This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/45122005-10-20ZThe Comparative Study of Grey Literature Orgnization at Home and Abroad in Network EnvironmentGrey literature is an important information resource , and Internet makes it easier to organize them. This paper introduces how the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe(SIGLE) and GreyNet organize the grey literature. And then it presents how to organize grey literature in China in network environment. Finally, by contrast a conclusion is drawn that there are several disadvantages in the grey literature organization in China.Liu Jing Xu2003-01-30Z2011-03-11T08:55:08Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/2749This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/27492003-01-30ZThe correlation between RAE ratings and citation counts in psychologyWe counted the citations received in one year (1998) by each staff member in each of 38 university psychology departments in the United Kingdom. We then averaged these counts across individuals within each department and correlated the averages with the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) grades awarded to the same departments in 1996 and 2001. The correlations were extremely high (up to +0.91). This suggests that whatever the merits and demerits of the RAE process and citation counting as methods of evaluating research quality, the two approaches measure broadly the same thing. Since citation counting is both more cost-effective and more transparent than the present system and gives similar results, there is a prima facie case for incorporating citation counts into the process, either alone or in conjunction with other measures. Some of the limitations of citation counting are discussed and some methods for minimising these are proposed. Many of the factors that dictate caution in judging individuals by their citations tend to average out when whole departments are compared.Dr Andy T Smith3788Prof Michael Eysenck2004-01-03Z2011-03-11T08:54:43Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1639This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16392004-01-03ZFor Whom the Gate Tolls? How and Why to Free the Refereed Research Literature Online Through Author/Institution Self-Archiving, Now.ABSTRACT: All refereed journals will soon be available online; most of them already are. This means that
anyone will be able to access them from any networked desk-top. The literature will all be interconnected by
citation, author, and keyword/subject links, allowing for unheard-of power and ease of access and
navigability. Successive drafts of pre-refereeing preprints will be linked to the official refereed draft, as well
as to any subsequent corrections, revisions, updates, comments, responses, and underlying empirical
databases, all enhancing the self-correctiveness, interactivity and productivity of scholarly and scientific
research and communication in remarkable new ways. New scientometric indicators of digital impact are also
emerging <http://opcit.eprints.org> to chart the online course of knowledge. But there is still one last frontier
to cross before science reaches the optimal and the inevitable: Just as there is no longer any need for research
or researchers to be constrained by the access-blocking restrictions of paper distribution, there is no longer
any need to be constrained by the impact-blocking financial fire-walls of
Subscription/Site-License/Pay-Per-View (S/L/P) tolls for this give-away literature. Its author/researchers
have always donated their research reports for free (and its referee/researchers have refereed for free), with
the sole goal of maximizing their impact on subsequent research (by accessing the eyes and minds of
fellow-researchers, present and future) and hence on society. Generic (OAi-compliant) software is now
available free so that institutions can immediately create Eprint Archives in which their authors can
self-archive all their refereed papers for free for all forever <http://www.eprints.org/>. These interoperable
Open Archives <http://www.openarchives.org> will then be harvested into global, jointly searchable "virtual
archives" (e.g., <http://arc.cs.odu.edu/>). "Scholarly Skywriting" in this PostGutenberg Galaxy will be
dramatically (and measurably) more interactive and productive, spawning its own new digital metrics of
productivity and impact, allowing for an online "embryology of knowledge."Stevan Harnad2002-10-18Z2011-03-11T08:55:04Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/2543This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/25432002-10-18ZLa ciélolexie et ciélographie scientifique: Une anomalie post-gutenbergienne et comment la résoudreUne ligne de partage, profonde et essentielle, va se creuser dans la galaxie post-gutenbergienne entre les oeuvres en accès payant (livres, magazines, logiciels, musique) et les oeuvres en accès libre (dont l´exemple le plus représentatif est celui des articles scientifiques soumis à l´évaluation des pairs). Ignorer cette distinction provoque la confusion et retarde l´inéluctable transition, s´agissant des travaux en accès libre, vers ce qui constitue la meilleure solution pour les chercheurs : que les quelques deux millions d´articles scientifiques publiés chaque année à travers le monde, toutes disciplines et langues confondues, dans les quelques vingt mille revues à comités de lecture existantes, soient libérés en ligne par l´auto-archivage des auteurs et des institutions : http://www.eprints.org. Ce texte tente de montrer comment les questions de copyright, de l´évaluation par les pairs entre autres thèmes controversés peuvent être éclaircies à condition de bien faire la distinction entre accès libre et accès payant.Stevan Harnad2002-10-18Z2011-03-11T08:55:04Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/2542This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/25422002-10-18ZLecture et écriture scientifique “dans le ciel” : Une anomalie post - gutenbergienne et comment la résoudreUne ligne de partage, profonde et essentielle, va se creuser dans la galaxie post-gutenbergienne entre les oeuvres en accès payant (livres, magazines, logiciels, musique) et les oeuvres en accès libre (dont l´exemple le plus représentatif est celui des articles scientifiques soumis à l´évaluation des pairs). Ignorer cette distinction provoque la confusion et retarde l´inéluctable transition, s´agissant des travaux en accès libre, vers ce qui constitue la meilleure solution pour les chercheurs : que les quelques deux millions d´articles scientifiques publiés chaque année à travers le monde, toutes disciplines et langues confondues, dans les quelques vingt mille revues à comités de lecture existantes, soient libérés en ligne par l´auto-archivage des auteurs et des institutions : http://www.eprints.org. Ce texte tente de montrer comment les questions de copyright, de l´évaluation par les pairs entre autres thèmes controversés peuvent être éclaircies à condition de bien faire la distinction entre accès libre et accès payant.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1701This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/17012001-07-18ZE-Knowledge: Freeing the Refereed Journal Corpus Online.The author of this paper has been advocating for some time that online public self-archiving of the refereed journal literature be introduced without delay. Indeed he sees it as inevitable in all disciplines within a very short time (and as optimal for research and researchers). He also argues that it can be achieved without compromising the peer reviewed journal literature in any way.
What follows here is a point-by-point critique of two prominent prior published critiques (appearing in Science and the New England Journal of Medicine) of a still earlier proposal along the lines championed here, by the former Director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Harold Varmus. The Varmus proposal was to establish a free archive for the biomedical literature called "E-Biomed" (since renamed "PubMed Central" and currently being implemented along somewhat different lines). The two critiques of the Varmus proposal were by Floyd Bloom, Editor of Science, and by Arnold Relman, Editor of the New England Journal of Medicine. Both critiques are replied to and critiqued in turn in quote/commentary format below.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1696This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16962001-07-18Z Electronic Journal Forum: Resetting Our Intuition Pumps for the Online-Only Era: A Conversation With Stevan Harnad.Stevan Harnad, Professor of Cognitive Science at the University of Southampton, has been--and continues to be--a visionary regarding digital publication of scholarly journals. In a wide-ranging discussion, we explored how his ideas about an electronic-only model of scholarly publication have evolved in the half-decade since he first elaborated them, including such topics as costs, archiving, preservation, and the role of commercial publishers. Near the end of the exchange, Harnad refers to the need for "demonstrations, evangelism, polemics and subversion" to drive forward the changes he sees as "the optimal and the inevitable for scholars and scholarship;" here, he provides some of all four of these. Since Harnad is the best articulator of his own vision, I will provide his responses as they appeared in the interview, rather than digest them.Ellen DuranceauStevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:44Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1685This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16852001-07-18ZFree at Last: The Future of Peer-Reviewed JournalsI don't think there is any doubt in anyone's mind as to what the optimal and inevitable outcome of all
this will be: The Give-Away literature will be free at last online, in one global, interlinked virtual
library (see <http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/citation.html>), and its QC/C expenses will be
paid for up-front, out of the S/L/P savings. The only question is: When? This piece is written in the
hope of wiping the potential smirk off Posterity's face by persuading the academic cavalry, now that
they have been led to the waters of self-archiving, that they should just go ahead and drink!
Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1698This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16982001-07-18ZThe Future of Scholarly SkywritingSkywriting offers a hybrid possibility, not quite like anything that came before
it: much closer to the live interactive tempo of spontaneous on-line speech
(and hence on-line thought), yet retaining all the virtues of the written medium
(formality, discipline, objectivity, publicity, corrigibility permanence).Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1695This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16952001-07-18ZHow to Fast-Forward Learned Serials to the Inevitable and the Optimal for Scholars and ScientistsThere is no conflict of interest between a trade author and a trade publisher. The trade author's product is his text, and the trade publisher produces and sells it for him, so they can both make a fair profit. Both wish to protect their product from theft; both wish to restrict access to those have paid for it. Contrast this with the specialised scientific and scholarly research literature: The research has been funded by a governmental research supporting agency or a public institution of higher learning and the results are meant to be made publicly available, especially so that other specialists can read and build further research on it. Through this cycle of research/report/research, all of humanity benefits from the fruits of learned inquiry. But because of the substantial real cost of producing print on paper in the Gutenberg era, research publication had to adopt the same economic model as trade publication: Researchers, who were not writing to sell their words, and would gladly have given them away to reach the eyes of their fellow researchers the world over, in their joint enterprise of broadening human knowledge, were forced instead to make the "Faustian Bargain" of transferring copyright to their publishers, who would then try to recover their substantial expenses plus a fair profit by selling those words as if they had been produced for trade. Research libraries the world over paid the hefty price, purchasing all the important journals so that each individual article could find its own small, scattered readership in perpetuum. This era is now potentially over: The much lower cost and much broader reach of electronic publication can free research from the counterproductive access boundaries imposed by the trade model. Research grants can now easily afford to cover the minimal marginal cost of electronic publication, making the research literature free for all, as it was always meant to be, with the growth of human knowledge no longer needlessly restrained by the Faustian Bargain and humankind the greatest beneficiary.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1694This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16942001-07-18ZLearned Inquiry and the Net: The Role of Peer Review, Peer Commentary and CopyrightPeer Review and Copyright each have a double role: Formal refereeing protects (R1) the author from publishing and (R2) the reader from reading papers that are not of sufficient quality. Copyright protects the author from (C1) theft of text and (C2) theft of authorship. It has been suggested that in the electronic medium we can dispense with peer review, "publish" everything, and let browsing and commentary do the quality control. It has also been suggested that special safeguards and laws may be needed to enforce copyright on the Net. I will argue, based on 20 years of editing Behavioral and Brain Sciences, a refereed (paper) journal of peer commentary, 8 years of editing Psycoloquy, a refereed electronic journal of peer commentary, and 1 year of implementing CogPrints, an electronic archive of unrefereed preprints and refereed reprints in the cognitive sciences modeled on the Los Alamos Physics Eprint Archive, that (i) peer commentary is a supplement, not a substitute, for peer review, (ii) the authors of refereed papers, who get and seek no royalties from the sale of their texts, only want protection from theft of authorship on the Net, not from theft of text, which is a victimless crime, and hence (iii) the trade model (subscription, site license or pay- per-view) should be replaced by author page-charges to cover the much reduced cost of implementing peer review, editing and archiving on the Net, in exchange for making the learned serial corpus available for free for all forever. Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1693This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16932001-07-18ZThe Paper House of Cards (and why it's taking so long to collapse)The remaining cost of serial publication, once expenses are scaled down to the
electronic-only level, is low enough to render the interests of everyone -- the
author, the reader, the funder of the author's research, the university supporting the
author, and, yes, the electronic learned serial publishers -- better served by
recovering those costs and a fair profit at the author's end, in the form of page
charges (paid for by the funders of the author's research and/or the university
employing him to do the research, both co-beneficiaries, with the author, of the
widest possible unimpeded distribution of the research reported), rather than by any
version of reader-end payment, the latter depending as it does, on restricting
access to what the author and his supporters would all prefer to see as free for all.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1692This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16922001-07-18Z Implementing Peer Review on the Net: Scientific Quality Control in Scholarly Electronic Journals.Electronic networks have made it possible for scholarly periodical publishing to shift from a trade model, in which the author sells his words through the mediation of the expensive and inefficient technology of paper, to a collaborative model, in which the much lower real costs and much broader reach of purely electronic publication are subsidized in advance, by universities, libraries, research publication grants, and the scholarly societies in each specialty. To take advantage of this, paper publishing's traditional quality control mechanism, peer review, will have to be implemented on the Net, thereby recreating the hierarchies of journals that allow authors, readers, and promotion committees to calibrate their judgments rationally -- or as rationally as traditional peer review ever allowed them to do it. The Net also offers the possibility of implementing peer review more efficiently and equitably, and of supplementing it with what is the Net's real revolutionary dimension: interactive publication in the form of open peer commentary on published and ongoing work. Most of this "scholarly skywriting" likewise needs to be constrained by peer review, but there is room on the Net for unrefereed discussion too, both in high-level peer discussion forums to which only qualified specialists in a given field have read/write access, and in the general electronic vanity press. Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:45Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1689This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16892001-07-18ZThe PostGutenberg Galaxy: How to Get There From HereA proposal for freeing the research literature through online public self-archiving.Stevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:44Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1684This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16842001-07-18ZThere's Plenty of Room in Cyberspace: Sorting the Esoterica From The ExotericaSorting out misunderstandings about the nontrade/trade
(give-away/non-give-away) literatureStevan Harnad2001-07-18Z2011-03-11T08:54:44Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1688This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/16882001-07-18Z Interactive Publication: Extending American Physical Society's Discipline-Specific Model for Electronic Publishing.The American Physical Society's Task Force's Report on Electronic Information Systems (this volume) has sounded all the
right chords: The idea is to develop a world scientific information system that will include all the formal scientific literature
that has been, is being, and will be published, as well as the informal unpublished scientific communications that surround
it, all in an electronic form that is searchable and accessible by any scientist anywhere in the world. Stevan Harnad2002-03-12Z2011-03-11T08:54:54Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/2128This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/21282002-03-12ZRational Disagreement in Peer ReviewA certain degree of disagreement is not only a healthy but an informative and even essential aspect of
scientific activity. Stevan Harnad