Cogprints: No conditions. Results ordered -Date, Title. 2018-01-17T14:22:36ZEPrintshttp://cogprints.org/images/sitelogo.gifhttp://cogprints.org/2012-11-09T19:41:42Z2012-11-09T19:41:42Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/8279This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/82792012-11-09T19:41:42ZOn Social and Economic Spheres: An Observation of the “gantangan” Indonesian tradition
Indonesian traditional villagers have a tradition for the sake of their own social and economic security named “nyumbang”. There are wide variations of the traditions across the archipelago, and we revisit an observation to one in Subang, West Java, Indonesia. The paper discusses and employs the evolutionary game theoretic insights to see the process of “gantangan”, of the intertwining social cohesion and economic expectation of the participation within the traditional activities. The current development of the “gantangan” tradition is approached and generalized to propose a view between the economic and social sphere surrounding modern people. The interaction between social and economic sphere might be seen as a kind of Lokta-Volterra’s predator-prey-like interaction, where both are conflicting yet in a great necessity one another for the sustainability of the social life. While some explanations due to the current development of “gantangan” is drawn, some aspects related to traditional views complying the modern life with social and economic expectations is outlined. Hokky SitungkirYanu Endar Prasetyo2008-02-04T17:58:51Z2011-03-11T08:57:03Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5921This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/59212008-02-04T17:58:51ZPunctuated equilibrium in statistical models of generalized coevolutionary resilience: How sudden ecosystem transitions can entrain both phenotype expression and Darwinian selectionWe argue that mesoscale ecosystem resilience shifts akin to sudden phase transitions in physical systems can entrain similarly punctuated events of gene expression on more rapid time scales, and, in part through such means, slower changes induced by selection pressure, triggering punctuated equilibrium Darwinian evolutionary transitions on geologic time scales. The approach reduces ecosystem, gene expression, and Darwinian genetic dynamics to a least common denominator of information sources interacting by crosstalk at markedly differing rates. Pettini's 'topological hypothesis', via a homology between information source uncertainty and free energy density, generates a statistical model of sudden coevolutionary phase transition based on the Rate Distortion and Shannon-McMillan Theorems of information theory which links all three levels. Holling's (1992) extended keystone hypothesis regarding the particular role of mesoscale phenomena in entraining both slower and faster dynamical structures produces the result. A main theme is the necessity of a cognitive paradigm for gene expression, mirroring I. Cohen's cognitive approach to immune function. Invocation of the necessary conditions imposed by the asymptotic limit theorems of communication theory enables us to penetrate one layer more deeply before needing to impose a phenomenological system of 'Onsager relation' recursive coevolutionary stochastic differential equations. Extending the development to second order via a large deviations argument may permit modeling the influence of human cultural structures on ecosystems.Rodrick Wallacewallace@pi.cpmc.columbia.eduDeborah Wallacerdwall@ix.netcom.com2008-03-10T14:53:36Z2011-03-11T08:57:04Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5957This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/59572008-03-10T14:53:36ZToward an Ecological Theory of ConceptsPsychology has had difficulty accounting for the creative, context-sensitive manner in which concepts are used. We believe this stems from the view of concepts as identifiers rather than bridges between mind and world that participate in the generation of meaning. This paper summarizes the history and current status of concepts research, and provides a non-technical summary of work toward an ecological approach to concepts. We outline the rationale for applying generalizations of formalisms originally developed for use in quantum mechanics to the modeling of concepts, showing how it is because of the role of context that deep structural similarities exist between the two. A concept is defined not just in terms of exemplary states and their features or properties, but also by the relational structures of these properties, and their susceptibility to change under different contexts. The approach implies a view of mind in which the union of perception and environment drives conceptualization, forging a web of conceptual relations or ‘ecology of mind’.Dr. Liane M. Gaboraliane.gabora@ubc.caDr. Eleanor RoschDr. Diederik Aerts2005-04-21Z2011-03-11T08:55:59Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4264This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/42642005-04-21ZThe Emergence of Symbiotic Groups Resulting From Skill-Differentiation and TagsThe paper presents a evolutionary simulation where the presence of ‘tags’ and an inbuilt specialisa-tion in terms of skills result in the development of ‘symbiotic’ sharing within groups of individuals with similar tags. It is shown that the greater the number of possible sharing occasions there are the higher the population that is able to be sustained using the same level of resources. The ‘life-cycle’ of a particular cluster of tag-groups is illustrated showing: the establishment of sharing; a focusing-in of the cluster; the exploitation of the group by a particular skill-group and the waning of the group. This simulation differs from other tag-based models in that is does not rely on either the forced donation of resources to individuals with the same tag and where the tolerance mechanism plays a significant part. These ‘symbiotic’ groups could provide the structure necessary for the true emergence of artificial societies, supporting the division of labour found in human societies.Bruce Edmonds2005-04-21Z2011-03-11T08:55:59Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4265This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/42652005-04-21ZUsing Localised ‘Gossip’ to Structure Distributed LearningThe idea of a “memetic” spread of solutions through a human culture in parallel to their development is applied as a distributed approach to learning. Local parts of a problem are associated with a set of overlappingt localities in a space and solutions are then evolved in those localites. Good solutions are not only crossed with others to search for better solutions but also they propogate across the areas of the problem space where they are relatively successful. Thus the whole population co-evolves solutions with the domains in which they are found to work. This approach is compared to the equivalent global evolutionary computation approach with respect to predicting the occcurence of heart disease in the Cleveland data set. It greatly outperforms the global approach, but the space of attributes within which this evolutionary process occurs can effect its efficiency.Bruce Edmonds2004-03-17Z2011-03-11T08:55:30Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3500This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/35002004-03-17ZEPIDEMIOLOGY THROUGH CELLULAR AUTOMATAThis paper performs the utilization of cellular automata computational analysis as the dynamic model of spatial epidemiology. Here, explored elementary aspects of cellular automata and its application in analyzing contagious disease, in this case avian influenza disease in Indonesia. Computational model is built and map-based simulation is performed using several simplified data of such transportation through sea in Indonesia, and its accordance with poultries in Indonesia, with initial condition of notified avian influenza infected area in Indonesia. The initial places are Pekalongan, West Java, East Java, and several regions in Sumatera. The result of simulation is showing the spreading-rate of influenza and in simple way and describing possible preventive action through isolation of infected areas as a major step of preventing pandemic.
Hokky Situngkir2006-12-12Z2011-03-11T08:56:44Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5299This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/52992006-12-12ZThe evolution of brain lateralization: A game theoretical analysis of population structure
In recent years, it has become apparent that behavioural and brain lateralization is the rule rather than the exception among vertebrates. The study of lateralization has been so far the province of neurology and neuropsychology. We show how such research can be integrated with evolutionary biology to more fully understand lateralization. In particular, we address
the fact that, within a species, left- and right-type individuals are often in a definite proportion different from 1/2 (e.g., hand use in humans). We argue that traditional explanations of brain lateralization (that it may avoid costly duplication of neural circuitry and reduce interference between functions) cannot account for this fact, because increased individual efficiency is unre-
lated to the frequency of left- and right-type individuals in a population. A further puzzle is that, if a majority of individuals are of the same type, individual behaviour becomes more predictable to other organisms. Here we
show that alignment of the direction of behavioural asymmetries in a population can arise as an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), when individually asymmetrical organisms must coordinate their behaviour with that of other
asymmetrical organisms. Thus, brain and behavioural lateralization, as we know it in humans and other vertebrates, may have evolved under basically
"social" selection pressures.
Stefano GhirlandaGiorgio Vallortigara2007-04-04Z2011-03-11T08:56:49Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5477This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/54772007-04-04ZIndividuality in Fish Behavior: Ecology and Comparative PsychologyThis work is a brief review of a series of studies of the phenotypic organization and ecological significance of individual differences in fish behavior. The following species were studied: guppy Poecilia retuculata, lion-headed cichlid Steatocranus cassuarius, and the convict cichlid Archocentrus nigrofasciatum. We developed methods for the analysis of individual differences in fish behavior and studied their structure, development, and ecological and evolutionary significance.Dr. Sergey BudaevDr. Dmitry Zworykin2006-04-29Z2011-03-11T08:56:24Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4857This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/48572006-04-29ZUniversal Dynamic Complexity as the Basis for Theoretic Ecology and Unified Civilisation Transition to Creative Global SustainabilityThe recently proposed new, universally applicable, rigorously derived and reality-based concept of dynamic complexity provides a unified basis for the causally complete understanding of any real, multi-component and multi-level system of interacting entities, including the case of earth system and global civilisation development. This crucial extension with respect to other existing notions of complexity is obtained due the unrestricted, universally nonperturbative analysis of arbitrary interaction process leading to the new, rigorously derived concept of dynamically multivalued (redundant) entanglement of interacting components. Any real system with interaction is described as a sequence of autonomously emerging "levels of complexity", where each level includes unceasing, dynamically random change of multiple system configurations, or "realisations", each of them resulting from dynamic entanglement of interaction components coming, generally, from lower complexity levels. Dynamic complexity as such is universally defined as a growing function of the number of those explicitly obtained system realisations (or related rate of their change). Mathematically rigorous, realistic and universal nature of unreduced dynamic complexity determines its unique role as a basis for theoretical ecology. This conclusion is confirmed by several directions of universal complexity application to global change understanding and monitoring. They include the rigorously substantiated necessity of civilisation transition to the superior level of complexity involving new, intrinsically unified and causally complete kind of knowledge (initiated by the "universal science of complexity"), qualitatively new kind of material production, social structure, and infrastructure. We show why that new level of civilisation development is intrinsically "sustainable", i. e. characterised by creative, complexity-increasing interaction between "production" and "natural resources" that replaces current contradiction between them.Andrei Kirilyuk1999-07-16Z2011-03-11T08:53:43Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/183This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1831999-07-16ZThe Fifth InfluenceThis article is a theoretical consideration on the role of sensory pleasure and mental joy as optimizers of behavior. It ends with an axiomatic proposal. When they compare the human body to its environment, Philosophers recognise the cosmos as the Large Infinite, and the atomic particles as the Small Infinite. The human brain reaches such a degree of complexity that it may be considered as a third infinite in the universe, a Complex Infinite. It follows that any force capable of moving such an infinite deserves a place among the forces of the universe. Physicists have recognized four forces, the gravitational, the electromagnetic, the weak, and the strong nuclear force. Forces are defined in four dimentions (reversible or not in time) and it is postulated that these forces are valid and applicable everywhere. Pleasure and displeasure, the affective axis of consciousness, can move the infinitely complex into action and no human brain can avoid the trend to maximize its pleasure. Therefore, we suggest, axiomatically, that the affective capability of consciousness operates in a way similar to the four forces of the Physics, i.e. influences the behavior of conscious agents in a way similar to the way the four forces influence masses and particles. However, since a mental phenomenon is dimensioneless we propose to call the affective capability of consciousness the fifth influence rather than the fifth force.Michel CabanacRemi A. CabanacHarold T. Hammel2005-03-06Z2011-03-11T08:55:51Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/4113This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/41132005-03-06ZUnreduced Dynamic Complexity, Causally Complete Ecology, and Realistic Transition to the Superior Level of LifeThe unreduced, universally nonperturbative analysis of a generic system of arbitrary interacting entities leads to the absolutely universal and reality-based concept of dynamic complexity expressing the qualitatively new phenomenon of dynamic multivaluedness of the emerging incompatible (redundant) versions of interaction results called system realisations. The obtained universal science of complexity transforms ecology, always dealing with irreducibly complex systems, to an "exact", causally complete science of civilisation development, essentially exceeding the dominating level of ill-founded empirical guesses or application of various existing imitations of "complexity", "chaoticity", "nonlinearity", etc., obtained within the basically unchanged, dynamically single-valued, perturbative reduction of the canonical, linear science. The rigorously substantiated, universal law of unreduced complexity conservation and development, or symmetry of complexity, being applied at the global scale of civilisation development, leads to the objectively justified conclusion about the necessity and reality of transition from today's "protective" ecology maintaining a "sustainable", but inevitable, destruction to the qualitatively new, creative ecology science and action based on the objective and universal criterion of progress (optimal growth of unreduced complexity-entropy), actively producing the man-made "SuperNature", and accompanied by the general, also objectively substantiated, ascent of civilisation to the next, superior level of complexity. The latter involves a qualitatively new type of human settlement, activity, and social structure, superior level of individual consciousness and complex-dynamic, self-developing, unrestricted creativity in all aspects of life, which is equivalent to the causally specified Noosphere and genuine sustainability.Andrei Kirilyuk1999-10-08Z2011-03-11T08:54:03Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/549This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5491999-10-08ZWedding connectionist and algorithmic modelling towards forecasting Caulerpa taxifolia development in the north-western Mediterranean seaWe discuss the use of supervised neural networks as a metamodelling technique for discrete event stochastic simulation in order to reduce significantly the computational burden involved by discrete simulations. A sophisticated computer model, coupling a Geographical Information System with a stochastic discrete event simulator, has been developed to anticipate the propagation of the green alga {\em Caulerpa taxifolia} in the North-Western Mediterranean sea. The simulation model provides reliable predictions, a couple of years in advance, of: i) the local expansion patterns of the alga, ii) the increase of {\em C. taxifolia} biomass and iii), the covered surfaces. However because the algorithmic model accounts for spatial interactions and anthropic dispersion/activities such as eradication, introduction of specific predators etc., simulations are extremely time and memory consuming. Therefore, to reduce the computational burden, a neural network was successfully trained on artificially generated data provided by the simulation runs to provide accurate forecasts 12 years in advance along with associated confidence intervals. The ability of the neural networks to capture the underlying physics of the phenomena is clearly illustrated by several preliminary experiments on a large coastal area. The neural network is able to construct, on this site, estimates of the {\em Caulerpa taxifolia} expansion 12 years in advance in good agreement with the simulation trajectories.Alex AussemDavid. Hill2008-04-07T21:07:33Z2011-03-11T08:57:05Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/5990This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/59902008-04-07T21:07:33ZThe Statistical Analysis of Behavioural Latency MeasuresThis article concerns two important problems with the statistical analysis of behavioural latency measures: they typically have severely skewed distributions, and are often censored (truncated). These problems, however, were not generally recognised by animal behaviour researchers: most people either allot an arbitrary score to all censored values or simply ignore them. Yet, such treatments could easily lead to dubious conclusions because of reduction of power and spuriously significant p-values. Thus, one should always use specially devised survival analysis methods whenever the study involves the measurement of censored latencies. The present article provides a short catalogue of some appropriate references, concentrating on the methods which are not “standard” for the common biomedical applications of survival analysis, but may be crucial in many behavioural studies. The statistical analysis of uncensored latencies is also discussed, with a particular attention to the analysis of variance.Dr. Sergey Budaevs.budaev@sussex.ac.uk1998-09-29Z2011-03-11T08:53:43Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/178This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1781998-09-29ZIs the monkeys' world scientifically impenetrable?Cheney & Seyfarth (C&S) argue for a hybrid approach which 'place (empiricistic findings) tentatively within the framework of a more mentalistic approach'(p.9). The book is an important contribution to clarify the value and limits of the intentional approach in interpreting monkey behaviour, particularly C&S's excellent field work with vervets. But, unintentionally, it also demonstrates that cognitive science is more a perspective than a scientific discipline. In order to illustrate this, I shall consider the following topics: evolution of intelligence, concept formation, philosophy of scienceWinand Dittrich1998-09-06Z2011-03-11T08:53:43Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/176This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1761998-09-06ZFemale transfer in primatesIntergroup transfer by males is nearly universal among social primates. Furthermore, among the most frequently studied monkeys - savanna baboons and Japanese and rhesus macaques - females typically remain in their natal groups, so troops are composed of related matrilines. These facts strongly support two major theories: 1) that kin selection is a powerful force in patterning sociality (if one is to live in a group, one should prefer a group of one's relatives), and 2) that the ultimate explanation for intergroup transfer is the avoidance of inbreeding depression (though both sexes would prefer to live with kin, one sex has to disperse to avoid inbreeding and for a variety of reasons the losing sex is generally male). Substantial rates of transfer by females in social species with routine male transfer would cast doubt on both ideas. In fact, evidence reviewed here indicates that female transfer is not unusual and among folivorous primates (e.g., _Alouatta_, the Colobinae) it seems to be routine. In addition to casting doubt on the demographic significance of inbreeding avoidance and favoring mutualistic and/or game theory interpretations of behavior over nepotistic ones, this finding supports the hypothesis that predator detection is the primary selective pressure favoring sociality for many primates. Finally, while female bonding [_sensu_ Wrangham, R. W. (1980), _Behaviour_ 75: 262-299] among primates appears to be less common than generally believed, the observed correlation between female transfer and morphological adaptations to folivory provides empirical support for Wrangham's model for the evolution of female-bonded groups.Jim Moore1998-09-06Z2011-03-11T08:53:43Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/174This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/1741998-09-06ZCarrying capacity, cycles, and cultureTwo major objections have been made to the application of the "carrying capacity" (K) concept to nonindustrial human populations: 1) If K is set by periodic famines or other phenomena ("minima"), the concept is useless without an independant criterion for the length of the relevant period. 2) Humans frequently appear to be adjusting their population densities according to what seem to be biologically arbitrary cultural criteria, not to a biological K. I propose that the length of the relevant interval between minima is a function of the species' pattern of investment in kin. Minima occuring at intervals greater in length than the period of investment will have little effect on reproductive tactics, and intervals shorter in length than the period of obligate offspring dependancy are roughly equivalent biologically. This conclusion should apply to all "K-selected" species. For humans, minima at intervals of up to about 50 years may determine K for a population. I suggest that "arbitrary" preferences that limit population growth are in fact culturally selected traits that stabilize populations at Ks set by these minima. Cultural, rather than genetical, selection allows human populations to track relevant minima through environmental shifts such as ice ages.Jim Moore2011-12-16T00:58:07Z2011-12-16T00:58:07Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/7753This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/77532011-12-16T00:58:07ZOn Adjoint Dynamical SystemsTransformations of dynamical systems and organismic structures are discussed in terms of adjoint, simple adjoint and weak adjoint functors of organismic supercategories during development and evolution of organisms on markedly different timescales. A representation of nuclear transplants in terms of adjoint functors and a novel interpretation of nuclear transplant experiments is proposed. Three new theorems are proven for adjoint dynamical systems representing multi-potent developing cells and additional results are obtained for weak adjoint systems such as differentiated (specialized) cells.Prof. Dr. I. C. BaianuicbProf.Dr. Dragos Scripcariu2004-10-06Z2011-12-16T00:59:02Zhttp://cogprints.org/id/eprint/3831This item is in the repository with the URL: http://cogprints.org/id/eprint/38312004-10-06ZOrganismic Supercategories: I. Proposals for a General Unified Theory of Systems- Classical, Quantum, and Complex Biological Systems.
The representation of physical and complex biological systems in terms of organismic supercategories was introduced in 1968 by Baianu and Marinescu in the attached paper which was published in the Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, edited by Nicolas Rashevsky. The different approaches to relational biology, developed by Rashevsky, Rosen and by Baianu et al.(1968,1969,1973,1974,1987,2004)were later discussed.
The present paper is an attempt to outline an abstract unitary theory of systems. In the introduction some of the previous abstract representations of systems are discussed. Also a possible connection of abstract representations of systems with a general theory of measure is proposed. Then follow some necessary definitions and authors' proposals for an axiomatic theory of systems. Finally some concrete examples are analyzed in the light of the proposed theory.
An abstract representation of biological systems from the standpoint of the theory of supercategories is presented. The relevance of such representations forG-relational biologies is suggested. In section A the basic concepts of our representation, that is class, system, supercategory and measure are introduced. Section B is concerned with the mathematical representation starting with some axioms and principles which are natural extensions of the current abstract representations in biology. Likewise, some extensions of the principle of adequate design are introduced in section C. Two theorems which present the connection between categories and supercategories are proved. Two other theorems concerning the dynamical behavior of biological and biophysical systems are derived on the basis of the previous considerations. Section D is devoted to a general study of oscillatory behavior in enzymic systems, some general quantitative relations being derived from our representation. Finally, the relevance of these results for a quantum theoretic approach to biology is discussed.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/141l35843506596h/Prof. Dr. I.C. BaianuicbDr. Mircea M. Marinescu