--- abstract: 'As Francis Crick said, neuroscience is a data rich but theory poor field, and it is missing a broad framework as in physics. We wish to put forward such a unified framework based on existing evidences. Unexpectedly, it is a very simple statistical model. Specifically, we find that neural mechanisms in the spatial and temporal dimensionalities follow similar statistical laws. And they are usually called neural coding and memory respectively. Moreover, memory can be divided into two types: long-term and short-term (or instantaneous). The instantaneous memory is the foundation of consciousness according to Crick. Then we indicate the physical and biological mechanisms behind these statistical laws. In general, they actually reflect random processes of particles such as ions. Detailed model and supporting evidences can be found in our previous work. And this simple model is really powerful in explaining most psychological phenomenon and advanced intelligence such as language.' altloc: [] chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: - lpl1520@163.com - tingwang1970@163.com creators_name: - family: Liu given: Peilei honourific: Mr. lineage: '' - family: Wang given: Ting honourific: Professor lineage: '' date: 2014-08-01 date_type: completed datestamp: 2017-02-18 20:25:47 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/97/73 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: 0 edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 9773 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/9773/1/liutextfigs.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: ~ issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: ~ item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'Neural coding, consciousness, memory, statistical implication, biological implementation, space-time localization' lastmod: 2017-02-18 20:25:47 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: ~ pagerange: ~ pubdom: TRUE publication: ~ publisher: ~ refereed: FALSE referencetext: "1.\tE. Schrödinger, What Is Life? (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1944).\r\n2.\tF. Crick, The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1994). \r\n3.\tC. Koch, K. Hepp, Quantum mechanics in the brain. Nature 440, 611-612 (2006).\r\n4.\tJ. V. Neumann, The Computer and the Brain (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2000).\r\n5.\tA. L. Hodgkin, A. F. Huxley, A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J. Physiol. 117, 500-544 (1952).\r\n6.\tE. L. Bienenstock, L. N. Cooper, P. W. Munro, Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 2, 28-32 (1982).\r\n7.\tW. Gerstner, R. Kempter, J. L. Hemmen, H. Wagner, A neuronal learning rule for sub-millisecond temporal coding. Nature 383, 76-78 (1996).\r\n8.\tP. Liu, T. Wang, A quantitative neural coding model of sensory memory, in press (available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.6453).\r\n9.\tC. G. Gross, Genealogy of the \"grandmother cell\". Neuroscientist 8, 512-518 (2002).M. \r\n10.\tP. Liu, T. Wang, A unified quantitative model of vision and audition, in press (available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.5807).\r\n11.\tD. O. Hebb, The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Approach (Jhon & Sons, New York, 1949).\r\n12.\tP. Liu, T. Wang, Motor learning mechanism on the neuron scale, in press (available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1407. 7027).\r\n13.\tP. Liu, T. Wang, Neural mechanism of language, in press (available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1408. 5403).\r\n14.\tG. Edelman, The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection (Basic Books, New York 1987).\r\n" relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 11 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2017-02-18 20:25:47 subjects: - comp-neuro-sci - comp-sci-art-intel - comp-sci-stat-model - neuro-mod succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: How Consciousness Emerges from Ions type: preprint userid: 23739 volume: ~