<> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^ . <> . . "Two families with quadrupedalism, mental retardation, no\r\nspeech, and infantile hypotonia (Uner Tan Syndrome\r\nType-II); a novel theory for the evolutionary emergence of\r\nhuman bipedalism"^^ . "Two consanguineous families with Uner Tan Syndrome (UTS) were analyzed in relation to self-organizing processes in complex systems, and the evolutionary emergence of human\r\nbipedalism. The cases had the key symptoms of previously reported cases of UTS, such as quadrupedalism, mental retardation, and dysarthric or no speech, but the new cases\r\nalso exhibited infantile hypotonia and are designated UTS Type-II. There were 10 siblings in Branch I and 12 siblings in Branch II. Of these, there were seven cases exhibiting habitual quadrupedal locomotion (QL): four deceased and three living. The infantile hypotonia in the\r\nsurviving cases gradually disappeared over a period of years, so that they could sit by about 10 years, crawl on hands and knees by about 12 years. They began walking on all fours at around 14 years, habitually using QL. Neurological examinations showed normal tonus in\r\ntheir arms and legs, no Babinski sign, brisk tendon reflexes especially in the legs, and mild tremor. The patients could not walk in a straight line, but (except in one case) could stand up and maintain upright posture with truncal ataxia. Cerebello-vermial hypoplasia and mild gyral simplification were noted in their MRIs. The results of the genetic analysis were inconclusive: no genetic code could be identified as the triggering factor for the syndrome\r\nin these families. Instead, the extremely low socio-economic status of the patients was thought to play a role in the emergence of UTS, possibly by epigenetically changing the brain structure and function, with a consequent selection of ancestral neural networks for\r\nQL during locomotor development. It was suggested that UTS may be regarded as one of the unpredictable outcomes of self-organization within a complex system. It was also\r\nnoted that the prominent feature of this syndrome, the diagonal-sequence habitual QL, generated an interference between ipsilateral hands and feet, as innon-humanprimates. It was suggested that this may have been the triggering factor for the attractor state “bipedal locomotion” (BL), which had visual and manual benefits for our ape-like ancestors, and therefore enhancing their chances for survival, with consequent developments in the psychomotor domain of humans. This was put forward as a novel theory of the evolution of BL in human beings."^^ . "2014" . . "8" . "84" . . "www.frontiers.org"^^ . . . "Frontiers in Neuroscience"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "J. Michael"^^ . "Williams"^^ . "J. Michael Williams"^^ . . "Uner"^^ . "Tan"^^ . "Uner Tan"^^ . . . . . . "Two families with quadrupedalism, mental retardation, no\r\nspeech, and infantile hypotonia (Uner Tan Syndrome\r\nType-II); a novel theory for the evolutionary emergence of\r\nhuman bipedalism (PDF)"^^ . . . "UTS ARTICLE and NEW THEORY on EVOLUTION OF BIPEDALISM 2014.pdf"^^ . . . "Two families with quadrupedalism, mental retardation, no\r\nspeech, and infantile hypotonia (Uner Tan Syndrome\r\nType-II); a novel theory for the evolutionary emergence of\r\nhuman bipedalism (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "lightbox.jpg"^^ . . . "Two families with quadrupedalism, mental retardation, no\r\nspeech, and infantile hypotonia (Uner Tan Syndrome\r\nType-II); a novel theory for the evolutionary emergence of\r\nhuman bipedalism (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "preview.jpg"^^ . . . "Two families with quadrupedalism, mental retardation, no\r\nspeech, and infantile hypotonia (Uner Tan Syndrome\r\nType-II); a novel theory for the evolutionary emergence of\r\nhuman bipedalism (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "medium.jpg"^^ . . . "Two families with quadrupedalism, mental retardation, no\r\nspeech, and infantile hypotonia (Uner Tan Syndrome\r\nType-II); a novel theory for the evolutionary emergence of\r\nhuman bipedalism (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "small.jpg"^^ . . . "Two families with quadrupedalism, mental retardation, no\r\nspeech, and infantile hypotonia (Uner Tan Syndrome\r\nType-II); a novel theory for the evolutionary emergence of\r\nhuman bipedalism (Other)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #9686 \n\nTwo families with quadrupedalism, mental retardation, no \nspeech, and infantile hypotonia (Uner Tan Syndrome \nType-II); a novel theory for the evolutionary emergence of \nhuman bipedalism\n\n" . "text/html" . . . "Neurology" . .