--- abstract: 'A theory of the evolution of lanaguage, beginning with bipedalism and lateralization, through instrumental and iconic gesture, to arcbitrary symbols, propositions and speech. The "translatability thesis" is also introduced, to the effect that all languages are intertranslatable (hence all can express any and every proposition).' altloc: - http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad76.hand.html chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Steklis given: Horst Dieter honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Harnad given: Stevan honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 1976 date_type: published datestamp: 2000-07-15 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/08/66 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: - family: Harnad given: Stevan honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Steklis given: Horst Dieter honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Lancaster given: Jane B. honourific: '' lineage: '' eprint_status: archive eprintid: 866 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/text_html.png;/866/1/harnad76.hand.html full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'language, evolution, lateralization, gesture, propositions, symbols, translatability, speech' lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:21 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: ~ pagerange: 445-455 pubdom: FALSE publication: Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech publisher: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280 refereed: FALSE referencetext: |- 1. 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