--- abstract: 'This article illustrates a case of persistent trigeminal neuralgia in a medically compromised 65-year-old female who did not respond to pharmacotherapy. She had undergone several peripheral neurectomies as well as a failed right posterior fossa exploration that resulted in a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Persistent pain over the right external nasal area and right mental region was relieved for several hours after daily injections of bupivacaine. A trial of a single dose of 100 units of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) diluted in 2.5 mL saline was injected into the external nasal trigger zone (60 units) and to the mental nerve region (40 units). She achieved complete pain relief in the external nasal region for 5 months. Pain recurred and the site was again injected with 100 units of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX). Pain relief at the mental region was partial. This was finally controlled with peripheral neurectomy. The patient was pain free with a maintenance dose of 200 mg carbamazepine daily for about 1 year, after which she elected to undergo stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery when pain recurred at the external nasal region. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109: e47-e50)' altloc: [] chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: - ngeowy@um.edu.my - ~ creators_name: - family: Ngeow given: W.C. honourific: Dr. lineage: '' - family: Nair given: R. honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2010-03 date_type: published datestamp: 2012-04-25 13:00:16 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/81/90 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: 0 edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 8190 fileinfo: application/pdf;http://cogprints.org/8190/1/Injection%20of%20botulinum%20toxin%20type%20A%20(BOTOX)%20into%20trigger%20zone%20of%20trigeminal%20neuralgia%20as%20a%20means%20to%20control%20pain.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: ~ item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'Tetanus Toxin; Release; Synaptosomes; Transmitters; Mechanisms ' lastmod: 2012-04-25 13:00:16 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: 'Times Cited: 3 Ngeow, Wei Cheong Nair, Rekha' number: 3 pagerange: E47-E50 pubdom: TRUE publication: Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology publisher: 'MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA' refereed: TRUE referencetext: ~ relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 8 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2012-04-25 13:00:16 subjects: - JOURNALS - OJHAS succeeds: ~ suggestions: "Associate Prof. Dr. Ngeow Wei Cheong @ David Ngeow\r\nDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of\r\nMalaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA\r\n\r\nAssociate Professor Dr. Ngeow Wei Cheong is currently a lecturer at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Malaya. He graduated from the University of Malaya in 1992 and was a private practitioner for 9 months before he was offered the post of tutorship at his alma matter. Three years later, he went to do a house job at the Queen Victoria Hospital in East Grinstead, England. He obtained his Fellowship in Dental Surgery from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and the Royal College of Surgeons ofEngland in 1996. He subsequently returned to Malaysia and was a pioneer lecturer at the then newly established Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. He left for private practice in 1999 but the temptation to return to academic life was greater, hence he returned to the University of Malaya the subsequent year. His research interest are craniofacial anthropometry, variations of the mandibular nerve, and recovery of peripheral nerves after microsurgical repair. \r\n \r\n\r\nAREAS OF EXPERTISE\r\n\t\r\nDentofacial Anthropometry (Head & Neck, anthropology)\r\n\r\nDental Analgesics (analgesic, local anaesthetic, COX-2 inhibitors)\r\n\r\nSurgical Anatomy (mental foramen, anterior loop)" sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: Injection of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) into trigger zone of trigeminal neuralgia as a means to control pain type: journalp userid: 16514 volume: 109