--- abstract: 'Aim & Method: The current study was designed to elucidate the protective effect of Syzygium cumini seed extract (SCE) on skin carcinogenesis induced by a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (100 μg/100 μl of acetone) and 2 weeks later promoted by repeated application of croton oil (1% in acetone/three times a week) till the end of the experiment (16 weeks). Result: Oral administration of SCE at a dose of 125 mg/kg b.wt./day for 15 days at the peri-initiational stage (i.e., 7 days before & 7 days after DMBA application) and for 14 weeks at the promotional stage (i.e., from the time of croton oil application), revealed a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation (p<0.05-0.001) along with an elevation in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, p<0.05-0.001 & catalase, p<0.05-0.001), non-enzymatic antioxidant (reduced glutathione, p<0.05-0.01 & vitamin-C, p<0.01-0.001) and total proteins levels (p<0.01-0.001) when compared to the carcinogen treated control animals. Histopathological study revealed that dyskeratosis of the epidermis, deposition of keratinous pearl and epidermal hyperplasia in skin tumors of DMBA treated control and the same were found to be of lesser degree in both the SCE treated experimental animals. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that SCE ameliorate the DMBA/croton oil induced adverse biochemical and histopathological alterations during skin carcinogenesis in mice.' altloc: [] chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: 'Girish. M. Bengalorkar, Kumar TN' given: 'Int J Cur Biomed Phar Res. ' honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2011-04-30 date_type: published datestamp: 2011-05-02 15:50:53 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/73/30 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: 0 edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 7330 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/7330/1/Culture_and_sensitivity_pattern_of_micro%2Dorganism_isolated_from_diabetic_foot_infections_in_a_tertiary_care_hospi.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: 'Antioxidant enzymes, carcinogenesis, Hyperplasia, Keratinous Pearl, Lipid per-oxidation, Skin tumor, Syzygium cumini.' lastmod: 2011-05-02 15:50:53 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: 2 pagerange: 34-40 pubdom: TRUE publication: 'Int J Cur Biomed Phar Res. ' publisher: CurrentSciDirect Publications refereed: TRUE referencetext: "[1]\tDe Flora S, Lzzotti A, Agostini FD, Balansky RM, Noonan D, Albini A. Multiple points of intervention in the prevention of cancer and other mutation related diseases. Mutat. Res. 2001; 9: 480–481.\r\n[2]\tDipple A, Moschel RC, Bigger CAH. Polynuclear aromatic carcinogens. American Chemical Society Monograph 182, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, Chemical Carcinogens (C. E. Searle, eds), 1984; 1: 41-163. \r\n[3]\tYang SK, Silverman BD. (eds). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis: Structure-Activity Relationships, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1988: 1: 2. \r\n[4]\tHarvey RG. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Wiley-VCH, New York, 1997. \r\n[5]\tConney AH. Induction of Microsomal Enzymes by Foreign Chemicals and Carcinogenesis by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Cancer Res. 1982; 42: 4875-4917. \r\n[6]\tSlattery ML, O'Brien E, Mori M. Disease heterogeneity: does it impact our ability to detect dietary associations with breast cancer? Nutr Cancer. 1995; 24: 213-220.\r\n[7]\tRay G, Batra S, Shukla NK, Deo S, Raina V, Ashok S and Hu Sain SA. Lipid peroxidation, free radical production and antioxidant status in breast cancer, Breast Cancer Res., Treat. 2000; 59: 163-170.\r\n[8]\tHalliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford, UK: Clarendon. 1989; 96-98. \r\n[9]\tThe Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, 1st edition, Vol-II, The controller of publications, Delhi. 1999; 54-57.\r\n[10]\tBrahmachari HD, and Augusti KT. Hypoglycemic agents from Indian indigenous plants. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 1961; XIII (1): 143. \r\n[11]\tKaur Ajit, Choudhary BK and Bandyopadhyay NG. Comparative evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxon diabetic rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2003; 84: 105-108. \r\n[12]\tPepato MT, Mori DM, Baviera AM, Harami JB, Vendramini RC and Brunetti LL. Fruit of the jambolan tree (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) and experimental diabetes. Journal of Ethanopharmacol. 2005; 96: 43-48. \r\n[13]\tSlaga TG, Budunova IV, Gimenez, Conti IB, Aldaz CM. The mouse skin chemical carcinogenesis model. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 1996; 1: 151-156.\r\n[14]\tOhkhawa H, Ohishi N and Yogi K. Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analyt. Biochem. 1979; 95: 351-358.\r\n[15]\tMoron MA, Depierre JW, Mannervick B. Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1979; 582:67-78.\r\n[16]\tAebi H. Catalase: in vitro. In: S.P.Colowick, N.O.Kaplan (eds). Method in Enzymology, Academic press, New York 1984; 105: 121-126.\r\n[17]\tLowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL and Landall AJ. Protein estimation with Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951; 193:265.\r\n[18]\tMarklund S and Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in autooxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 1974; 47: 469-474\r\n[19]\tRoe JH, and Kuether CA. The Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Whole Blood and Urine through the 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Derivative of Dehydro ascorbic Acid. J Biol Chem. 1943; 147:399-407.\r\n[20]\tHanahan D, and Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000; 100: 57–70.\r\n[21]\tBoutwell RK. The function and mechanism of promoters of carcinogenesis. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 1974; 2: 419–443.\r\n[22]\tParmar J, Sharma P, Verma P, Sharma P, Goyal PK. Chemopreventive Action of Syzygium cumini on DMBA - induced Skin Papillomagenesis in Mice. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2009; 11: 261-265\r\n[23]\tCopeland ES. A national institutes of health workshop report. Free radicals in promotion-A chemical pathology study section workshop. Cancer Res. 1983; 43: 5631–5637.\r\n[24]\tCerrutti PA. Peroxidant states and tumor promotion science (Washington DC). 1985; 227: 375–381.\r\n[25]\tKohen R and Nyska A, Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification, Toxicol Pathol. 2002; 30: 620–650. \r\n[26]\tGregus Z, Fekete, T, Halaszi E, Klaassen, CD. Lipoic acid impairs glycine conjugation of benzoic acid and renal excretion of benzoyl glycine. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1996; 24: 682–688.\r\n\r\n[27]\tMeister A. Glutathione, ascorbate and cellular protection. Cancer Res. 1994; 54s: 1969-1975.\r\n[28]\tJainu M, Devi CSS . Antioxidant effect of methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum berries on aspirin –induced gastric mucosa injury. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2004; 19: 57-61.\r\n[29]\tAmin A. Chemopreventive effect of chlorella on the antioxidant system in DMBA-induced oxidative stress in liver. Int J Pharmacol. 2008; 4(3):169-176.\r\n[30]\tKumar A, IIavarasan R, Jayachandran T, Decaraman M, Aravindhan P, Padmanabhan N and Krishnan MRV. Phytochemicals investigation on a Tropical plant, Syzygium cumini from Kattuppalayam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, South India. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2009; 8(1): 83-85.\r\n[31]\tBhatia IS, Bhajaj KL. Chemical constituents of the seeds and bark of Syzygium cumini. Planta Medica. 1975; 28: 346–352.\r\n[32]\tSakagami H, Jiang Y, Kusama K, Atsumi T, Ueha T, Toguchi M, Iwakura I, Satoh K, Ito H, Hatano T and Yoshida T. Cytotoxic activity of hydrolysable tannins against human oral tumor cell lines – a possible mechanism. Phytomedicine. 2000; 7: 39–47.\r\n[33]\tYang LL, Lee CY and Yen KY. Induction of apoptosis by hydrolysable tannins from Eugenia jambos L. on human leukemia cells. Cancer Letters. 2000; 157: 65–67.\r\n[34]\tSen S, Makkar HPS and Becker K. Alfalfa saponins and their implication in animal nutrition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1998; 46: 131–140.\r\n[35]\tKi Won Lee, Hyong Joo Lee, Young-Joon Surh, and Chang Yong Lee. Vitamin C and cancer chemoprevention: reappraisal1–3. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78: 1074–8.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n" relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 18 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2011-05-02 15:50:53 subjects: - JOURNALS succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: 'Culture and sensitivity pattern of micro-organism isolated from diabetic foot infections in a tertiary care hospital ' type: journalp userid: 13362 volume: 1