?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Beyond+Turing+Equivalence&rft.creator=Sloman%2C+Aaron&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.subject=Artificial+Intelligence&rft.subject=Neural+Nets&rft.subject=Robotics&rft.subject=Pragmatics&rft.subject=Semantics&rft.subject=Syntax&rft.subject=Philosophy+of+Language&rft.subject=Logic&rft.subject=Metaphysics&rft.subject=Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.subject=Philosophy+of+Science&rft.description=What+is+the+relation+between+intelligence+and+computation%3F+Although+the+difficulty+of+defining+%60intelligence'+is+widely+recognized%2C+many+are+unaware+that+it+is+hard+to+give+a+satisfactory+definition+of+%60computational'+if+computation+is+supposed+to+provide+a+non-circular+explanation+for+intelligent+abilities.+The+only+well-defined+notion+of+%60computation'+is+what+can+be+generated+by+a+Turing+machine+or+a+formally+equivalent+mechanism.+This+is+not+adequate+for+the+key+role+in+explaining+the+nature+of+mental+processes%2C+because+it+is+too+general%2C+as+many+computations+involve+nothing+mental%2C+nor+even+processes%3A+they+are+simply+abstract+structures.+We+need+to+combine+the+notion+of+%60computation'+with+that+of+%60machine'.+This+may+still+be+too+restrictive%2C+if+some+non-computational+mechanisms+prove+to+be+useful+for+intelligence.+We+need+a+theory-based+taxonomy+of+%7B%5Cem+architectures%7D+and+%7B%5Cem+mechanisms%7D+and+corresponding+process+types.+Computational+machines+my+turn+out+to+be+a+sub-class+of+the+machines+available+for+implementing+intelligent+agents.+The+more+general+analysis+starts+with+the+notion+of+a+system+with+independently+variable%2C+causally+interacting+sub-states+that+have+different+causal+roles%2C+including+both+%60belief-like'+and+%60desire-like'+sub-states%2C+and+many+others.+There+are+many+significantly+different+such+architectures.+For+certain+architectures+(including+simple+computers)%2C+some+sub-states+have+a+semantic+interpretation+for+the+system.+The+relevant+concept+of+semantics+is+defined+partly+in+terms+of+a+kind+of+Tarski-like+structural+correspondence+(not+to+be+confused+with+isomorphism).+This+always+leaves+some+semantic+indeterminacy%2C+which+can+be+reduced+by+causal+loops+involving+the+environment.+But+the+causal+links+are+complex%2C+can+share+causal+pathways%2C+and+always+leave+mental+states+to+some+extent+semantically+indeterminate.&rft.contributor=Milligan%2C+P&rft.date=1996&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpostscript&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F704%2F2%2FSloman.turing90.ps&rft.identifier=++Sloman%2C+Aaron++(1996)+Beyond+Turing+Equivalence.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F704%2F