?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=The+Impact+of+Immunization+Control+Activities+on+Measles+Outbreaks+in+Akwa+Ibom+State%2C+South-South%2C+Nigeria&rft.creator=Bassey%2C+EB&rft.creator=Moses%2C+AE&rft.creator=Udo%2C+SM&rft.creator=Umo%2C+AN&rft.subject=Online+Journal+of+Health+and+Allied+Sciences&rft.description=Background%3A+The+increase+of+vaccination+rates+means+that+fewer+children+will+be+vulnerable+to+vaccine+preventable+diseases+such+as+measles%2C+which+will+invariably+result+in+a+drop+in+the+infant+mortality+and+morbidity+rates.+Objective%3A+To+assess+the+impact+of+the+implementation+of+measles+reduction+strategies+from+2006+to+2008+using+the+quarterly+national+program+for+immunization+(NPI)+in+Akwa+Ibom+state%2C+Nigeria.+Method%3A+Following+informed+consent%2C+individuals+presenting+with+febrile+rash+illnesses+were+routinely+bled+and+tested+for+measles+specific+IgM+using+commercially+available+ELISA+kit-MV-ELISA+(Enzygnost%3B+Behring+Diagnostics%2C+Marburg%2C+Germany)+in+accordance+with+the+manufacturer%E2%80%99s+instructions.+Results%3A+A+total+of+four+hundred+and+four+individuals+comprising+of+216+vaccinated+and+188+unvaccinated%2C++presenting+with+febrile+rash+illness+were+screened+for+measles+specific+IgM+antibodies+as+indication+of+active+infection+between+January+2006+and+December+2008+out+of+which+122+(30.2%25)+had+detectable+levels+of+measles+antibodies.+Among+the+vaccinated+and+unvaccinated+groups%2C+32+(14.8%25)+and+90+(47.9%25)+respectively+were+detected+with+measles+IgM+antibodies.+The+highest+and+lowest+antibody+levels+were+detected+in+2006+(vaccinated%3A+54.7%25%3B+unvaccinated%3A+78.4%25)+and+2008+(vaccinated%3A+1.2%25%3B+unvaccinated%3A+12%25)+respectively.+The+distribution+of+measles+burden+by+year+show+an+overall+decline+in+prevalence+from+70%25+in+2006%2C+8.9%25+in+2007+to+3.7%25+in+2008.+While%2C+children+under+the+age+of+5+similarly+had+a+decline+in+measles+incidence+of+73.3%25%2C+10.7%25+and+3.3%25+respectively.+Sex+distribution+of+infection+within+the+3-year+period+shows+that+more+females+(37.4%25)+than+males+(21.2%25)+expressed+measles+IgM+antibodies%2C+and+active+infection+was+detected+more+in+the+rural+(31.4%25)+than+urban+area+(27.7%25).+However%2C+findings+indicate+a+tremendous+decline+in+active+infection+in+the+rural+areas+from+67%25+in+2006+to+0%25+in+2008%2C+and+in+the+urban+areas+from+78%25+in+2006+to+9.3%25+in+2008+among+both+vaccinated+and+unvaccinated+groups.+A+highly+significant+reduction+in+measles+infection+was+observed+more+among+males+than+females+(P%3D0.009).+Infection+distribution+by+location+did+not+show+any+significant+difference+(P%3D0.65)+even+though+more+individuals+in+the+rural+areas+were+noted+with+active+infection.+Conclusion%3A+The+study+shows+a+highly+significant+reduction+in+measles+burden+among+vaccinated+individuals+(P%3D0.0001)+and+invariably+increases+protective+coverage+of+measles+vaccination+most+especially+among+children+under+5+years+of+age+(P%3D0.0066)+in+the+state.+Findings+justify+effort+by+government+and+WHO+in+carrying+immunization+campaigns+in+children%2C+5-years+and+below+irrespective+of+vaccination+status+and+experience.&rft.publisher=Dr.+B.S.+Kakkilaya&rft.contributor=Kakkilaya%2C+Dr+Srinivas&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.type=Journal+(On-line%2FUnpaginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6989%2F1%2F2010-1-3.pdf&rft.identifier=++Bassey%2C+EB+and+Moses%2C+AE+and+Udo%2C+SM+and+Umo%2C+AN++(2010)+The+Impact+of+Immunization+Control+Activities+on+Measles+Outbreaks+in+Akwa+Ibom+State%2C+South-South%2C+Nigeria.++%5BJournal+(On-line%2FUnpaginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6989%2F