creators_name: Funke, Joachim creators_id: funke@uni-hd.de type: journalp datestamp: 2010-07-01 01:14:52 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:57:38 metadata_visibility: show title: Complex problem solving: a case for complex cognition? ispublished: pub subjects: cog-psy full_text_status: restricted keywords: Complex problem solving, Operative intelligence, Macrocognition, Emotion, Complex cognition abstract: Complex problem solving (CPS) emerged in the last 30 years in Europe as a new part of the psychology of thinking and problem solving. This paper introduces into the field and provides a personal view. Also, related concepts like macrocognition or operative intelligence will be explained in this context. Two examples for the assessment of CPS, Tailorshop and MicroDYN, are presented to illustrate the concept by means of their measurement devices. Also, the relation of complex cognition and emotion in the CPS context is discussed. The question if CPS requires complex cognition is answered with a tentative ‘‘yes.’’ date: 2010 date_type: published publication: Cognitive Processing volume: 11 publisher: Springer pagerange: 133-142 refereed: TRUE referencetext: Anderson JR (2002) Spanning seven orders of magnitude: a challenge for cognitive modeling. Cogn Sci 26:85–112 Anderson JR (2005) Cognitive psychology and its implications, 6th edn. Worth, New York Anzai Y, Simon HA (1979) The theory of learning by doing. Psychol Rev 86:124–140 Bach J (2003) The MicroPsi agent architecture. In: Detje F, Do ̈rner D, Schaub H (eds) Proceedings of the fifth European conference on cognitive modelling. Universita ̈ts-Verlag Bamberg, Bamberg, pp 15–20 Barth C, Funke J (2009) Negative affective environments improve complex solving performance. Cogn Emot (in press) Bechtel W, Abrahamsen A (2001) Connectionism and the mind: parallel processing, dynamics, and evolution in networks. Blackwell, Oxford Brehmer B, Do ̈rner D (1993) Experiments with computer-simulated microworlds: escaping both the narrow straits of the laboratory and the deep blue sea of the field study. Comput Hum Behav 9:171–184 Buchner A (1995) Basic topics and approaches to the study of complex problem solving. In: Frensch PA, Funke J (eds) Complex problem solving: the European perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 27–63 Cacciabue PC, Hollnagel E (1995) Simulation of cognition: applications. In: Hoc JM, Cacciabue PC, Hollnagel E (eds) Expertise and technology: cognition and human-computer cooperation. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 55–73 Chi MTH, Glaser R, Rees E (1982) Expertise in problem solving. In: Sternberg RJ (ed) Advances in the psychology of human intelligence, vol 1. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 7–75 Crandall B, Klein G, Hoffman RR (2006) Working minds: a practitioner’s guide to cognitive task analysis. MIT Press, Cambridge Do ̈rner D (1980) On the difficulty people have in dealing with complexity. Simul Games 11:87–106 Do ̈rner D (1986) Diagnostik der operativen Intelligenz. Diagnostica 32:290–308 Do ̈rner D (1996) The logic of failure. Recognizing and avoiding error in complex situations. Addison-Wesley, Reading Do ̈rner D, Kreuzig HW (1983) Problemlo ̈sefa ̈higkeit und Intelligenz. Psychologische Rundschau 34:185–192 Do ̈ rner D, Reither F (1978) U ̈ ber das Problemlo ̈ sen in sehr komplexen Realita ̈tsbereichen. Zeitschrift fu ̈r Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie 25:527–551 Do ̈rner D, Schaub H (1994) Errors in planning and decision-making and the nature of human information processing. Appl Psychol Int Rev 43:433–453 Do ̈rner D, Wearing AJ (1995) Complex problem solving: toward a (computersimulated) theory. In: Frensch PA, Funke J (eds) Complex problem solving: the European perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 65–99 Do ̈rner D, Kreuzig HW, Reither F et al (1983) Lohhausen. Vom Umgang mit Unbestimmtheit und Komplexita ̈t, Hans Huber Embretson SE, Reise SP (2000) Item response theory for psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah Endres J, Putz-Osterloh W (1994) Komplexes Problemlo ̈sen in Kleingruppen: Effekte des Vorwissens, der Gruppenstruktur und der Gruppeninteraktion. Zeitschrift fu ̈r Sozialpsychologie 25:54–70 Endsley MR (1995a) Measurement of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Hum Factors 37:65–84 Endsley MR (1995b) Towards a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Hum Factors 37:32–64 Fiedler K (2001) Affective states trigger processes of assimilation and accomodation. In: Martin LL, Clore GL (eds) Theories of mood and cognition: a user’s guidebook. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 85–98 Forgas JP (2001) The affect infusion model (AIM): an integrative theory of mood effects on cognition and judgments. In: Martin LL, Clore GL (eds) Theories of mood and cognition. Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 99–134 Frensch PA, Funke J (1995a) Definitions, traditions, and a general framework for understanding complex problem solving. In: Frensch PA, Funke J (eds) Complex problem solving: the European perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 3–25 Frensch PA, Funke J (eds) (1995b) Complex problem solving: the European perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale Funke J (1983) Einige Bemerkungen zu Problemen der Problem- lo ̈ seforschung oder: Ist Testintelligenz doch ein Pra ̈ diktor? Diagnostica 29:283–302 Funke J (1986) Komplexes Problemlo ̈sen - Bestandsaufnahme und Perspektiven. Springer, Heidelberg Funke J (1991) Solving complex problems: exploration and control of complex systems. In: Sternberg RJ, Frensch PA (eds) Complex problem solving: principles and mechanisms. Lawrence Erl- baum, Hillsdale, pp 185–222 Funke J (1995) Experimental research on complex problem solving. In: Frensch PA, Funke J (eds) Complex problem solving: the European perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 243– 268 Funke J (2001) Dynamic systems as tools for analysing human judgement. Think Reason 7:69–89 Funke J, Frensch PA (2007) Complex problem solving: the European perspective—10 years after. In: Jonassen DH (ed) Learning to solve complex scientific problems. Lawrence Erlbaum, New York, pp 25–47 Gray WD (2002) Simulated task environments: the role of high-fidelity simulations, scaled worlds, synthetic environments, and laboratory tasks in basic and applied cognitive research. Cogn Sci Q 2:205–227 Greiff S, Funke J (2009) Measuring complex problem solving: the MicroDYN approach. In: Scheuermann F (ed) The Transition to computer-based assessment—lessons learned from large-scale surveys and implications for testing. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg Halford GS, Wilson WH, Phillips S (1998) Processing capacity defined by relational complexity: implications for comparative, developmental, and cognitive psychology. Behav Brain Sci 21:803–865 Hoppmann CA, Riediger M (2009) Ambulatory assessment in lifespan psychology: An overview of current status and new trends. European Psychologist (in press) Ho ̈rmann H-J, Thomas M (1989) Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Intelligenz und komplexem Problemlo ̈sen. Sprache & Kognition 8:23–31 Kersting M, Su ̈ß H-M (1995) Kontentvalide Wissensdiagnostik und Problemlo ̈sen: Zur Entwicklung, testtheoretischen Begru ̈ndung und empirischen Bewa ̈hrung eines problemspezifischen Diagnoseverfahrens. Zeitschrift fu ̈r Pa ̈dagogische Psychologie 9:83– 93 Klein G (2008) Naturalistic decision making. Hum Factors 50:456– 460 Klein G, Orasanu J, Calderwood R et al (eds) (1993) Decision making in action: models and methods. Ablex, Norwood Klein G, Ross KG, Moon BM et al (2003) Macrocognition. IEEE Intell Syst 18:81–85 Klocke U (2004) Folgen von Machtausu ̈bung und Einflussnahme fu ̈ r Wissenszuwachs und Effektivita ̈ t in Kleingruppen. In: Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakulta ̈t II. Humboldt-Universita ̈t zu Berlin, Berlin Kluwe RH, Misiak C, Haider H (1991) The control of complex systems and performance in intelligence tests. In: Rowe H (ed) Intelligence: reconceptualization and measurement. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 227–244 Knauff M, Wolf AG (2010) Editorial. Complex Cognition this volume Koole SL (2009) The psychology of emotion regulation: an integra- tive review. Cogn Emot 23:4–41 Kro ̈ner S, Plass JL, Leutner D (2005) Intelligence assessment with computer simulations. Intelligence 33:347–368 Leutner D (1988) Computersimulierte dynamische Systeme: Wissen- serwerb unter verschiedenen Lehrmethoden und Sozialformen des Unterrichts. Zeitschrift fu ̈r Entwicklungspsychologie und Pa ̈dagogische Psychologie 20:338–355 Lewin K (1935) A dynamic theory of personality (selected papers). McGraw-Hill, New York Lipshitz R, Klein G, Orasanu J et al (2001) Taking stock of naturalistic decision making. J Behav Decis Mak 14:331–352 Mayer RE (1992) Thinking, problem solving, cognition, 2nd edn. W. H. Freeman, New York McClelland JL, Rumelhart DE (1985) Distributed memory and the representation of general and specific information. J Exp Psychol Gen 114:159–188 Meyer B, Gru ̈tter J, Oertig M et al (2009) Women’s underperfor- mance in complex problem solving: stereotype threat in micro- world performance. Eur J Soc Psychol (under review) Moors A (2009) Theories of emotion causation: a review. Cogn Emot 23:625–662 Mu ̈ller H (1993) Komplexes Problemlo ̈sen: Reliabilita ̈t und Wissen. Holos, Bonn Newell A (1990) Unified theories of cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Nisbett RE, Norenzayan A (2002) Culture and cognition. In: Pashler H, Medin D (eds) Steven’s handbook of experimental psychol- ogy. Third edition. Vol. 2: memory and cognitive processes. John Wiley, New York, pp 561–597 Osman M (2009) Controlling uncertainty: a review of human behavior in complex dynamic environments. Psychol Bull (in press) Putz-Osterloh W (1981) U ̈ ber die Beziehung zwischen Testintelligenz und Problemlo ̈seerfolg. Zeitschrift fu ̈r Psychologie 189:79–100 Putz-Osterloh W (1983) U ̈ ber Determinanten komplexer Problemlo ̈ - seleistungen und Mo ̈glichkeiten zu ihrer Erfassung. Sprache & Kognition 2:100–116 Putz-Osterloh W, Lu ̈ er G (1981) U ̈ ber die Vorhersagbarkeit komplexer Problemlo ̈seleistungen durch Ergebnisse in einem Intel- ligenztest. Zeitschrift fu ̈ r Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie 28:309–334 Putz-Osterloh W, Bott B, Ko ̈ster K (1990) Modes of learning in problem solving—are they transferable to tutorial systems? Comput Hum Behav 6:83–96 Hussy W (1991) Komplexes Problemlo ̈ sen und Verarbeitungskapazita ̈t. Sprache & Kognition 10:208–220 Hutchins E (1995) Cognition in the wild. MIT Press, Cambridge Kahneman D, Slovic P, Tversky A (1982) Judgement under uncertainty. Heuristics and biases. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Kalis A, Mojzisch A, Schweizer TS et al (2008) Weakness of will, akrasia, and the neuropsychiatry of decision-making: an inter- disciplinary perspective. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 8:402– 417 Rasmussen J (1983) Skills, rules, knowledge: signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern SMC 13:257–266 Rigas G, Brehmer B (1999) Mental processes in intelligence tests and dynamic decision making tasks. In: Juslin P, Montgomery H (eds) Judgement and decision making: Neo-Brunswikean and process-tracing approaches. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 45–65 Schwarz N (1990) Feelings as information: informational and motivational functions of affective states. In: Higgins ET, Sorrentino RM (eds) Handbook of motivation and cognition. Guilford Press, New York, pp 527–561 Shadish WR, Cook TD (2009) The renaissance of field experimen- tation in evaluating interventions. Annu Rev Psychol 60:607– 629 Shadish WR, Cook TD, Campbell DT (2002) Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton Mifflin, Boston Sternberg RJ (1995) Expertise in complex problem solving: a comparison of alternative conceptions. In: Frensch PA, Funke J (eds) Complex problem solving: the European perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 295–321 Strauß B (1993) Konfundierungen beim Komplexen Problemlo ̈sen. Zum Einfluß des Anteils der richtigen Lo ̈sungen (ArL) auf das Problemlo ̈severhalten in komplexen Situationen. Holos, Bonn Strohschneider S (1991) Problemlo ̈sen und Intelligenz: U ̈ber die Effekte der Konkretisierung komplexer Probleme. Diagnostica 37:353–371 Su ̈ ß Su ̈ ß H-M (1996) Intelligenz. Wissen und Problemlo ̈ sen, Hogrefe,Go ̈ ttingen H-M (1999) Intelligenz und komplexes Problemlo ̈ sen—Perspektiven fu ̈r eine Kooperation zwischen differentiell-psychometrischer und kognitionspsychologischer Forschung. Psychologische Rundschau 50:220–228 Su ̈ß H-M, Kersting M, Oberauer K (1991) Intelligenz und Wissen als Pra ̈diktoren fu ̈r Leistungen bei computersimulierten komplexen Problemen. Diagnostica 37:334–352 von Ehrenfels C (1890) U ̈ ber Gestaltqualita ̈ ten. Vierteljahrsschrift fu ̈ r Wissenschaftliche Philosophie 14:249–292 Welford AT (ed) (1980) Reaction times. Academic Press, New York Wenke D, Frensch PA (2003) Is success or failure at solving complex problems related to intellectual ability? In: Davidson JE, Sternberg RJ (eds) The psychology of problem solving. Cam- bridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 87–126 Wittmann WW, Hattrup K (2004) The relationship between performance in dynamic systems and intelligence. Syst Res Behav Sci 21:393–409 Zsambok CE (1997) Naturalistic decision making: where are we now? In: Zsambok CE, Klein GA (eds) Naturalistic decision making. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 3–16 Zsambok CE, Klein GA (eds) (1997) Naturalistic decision making. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah citation: Funke, Joachim (2010) Complex problem solving: a case for complex cognition? [Journal (Paginated)] document_url: http://cogprints.org/6868/1/Funke_2010_CognProc.pdf