--- abstract: 'Science is studied in very different ways by historians, philosophers, psychologists, and sociologists. Not only do researchers from different fields apply markedly different methods, they also tend to focus on apparently disparate aspects of science. At the farthest extremes, we find on one side some philosophers attempting logical analyses of scientific knowledge, and on the other some sociologists maintaining that all knowledge is socially constructed. This paper is an attempt to view history, philosophy, psychology, and sociology of science from a unified perspective.' altloc: - http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/Pages/Societies.html chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: [] creators_name: - family: Thagard given: P. honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 1993 date_type: published datestamp: 1998-06-07 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/06/76 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: [] eprint_status: archive eprintid: 676 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/text_html.png;/676/1/Societies.html full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: ~ lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:11 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: ~ pagerange: 49-67 pubdom: FALSE publication: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science publisher: ~ refereed: TRUE referencetext: ~ relation_type: [] relation_uri: [] reportno: ~ rev_number: 8 series: ~ source: ~ status_changed: 2007-09-12 16:32:46 subjects: - cog-psy - comp-sci-art-intel - phil-sci succeeds: ~ suggestions: ~ sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: 'Societies of minds: Science as Distributed Computing' type: journalp userid: 149 volume: 24