?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=The+Atkinson-Shiffrin+model+is+ill-defined+and+does+not+correctly+describe+the+Murdock+free+recall+data&rft.creator=Tarnow%2C+Dr.+Eugen&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.description=The+Atkinson-Shiffrin+(1968)+model%2C+the+de+facto+standard+model+of+short+term+memory+cited+thousands+of+times%2C+fits+the+characteristically+bowed+free+recall+curves+from++Murdock+(1962)+well.+However%2C+it+is+long+overdue+to+note+that+it+is+not+a+theoretically+convincing+explanation+and+that+it+does+not+fit+all+of+the+experimental+relationships+in+the+Murdock+data.%0D%0ATo+obtain+a+qualitatively+correct+fit+of+the+bowing+I+show+that+four+model+concepts+have+to+work+together.+%E2%80%9CLong+term+memory%E2%80%9D+is+needed+in+the+short+term+memory+experiment%2C+conscious+or+subconscious+rehearsal+of+four+items+has+to+take+place%2C+this+%E2%80%9Crehearsal+buffer%E2%80%9D+has+to+drop+items+randomly+rather+than+according+to+a+first-in+firstout+model%2C+and+the+rehearsal+buffer+has+to+be+empty+before+the+experiment+starts.%0D%0ABeyond+the+qualitative+fit+to+the+bowed+recall+curves%2C++other+relationships+in+the+data+are+not+borne+out+by+the+model.+First%2C+the+%E2%80%9Cprimacy+strength%E2%80%9D%2C+the+ratio+of+the++probability+of+recall+of+the+first+item+to+the+smallest+probability+of+recall+of+an+intermediate+item%2C+shows+a+significant+experimental+variation+with+presentation+rate+but+no+such+variation+is+predicted+by+theory.+Second%2C+randomly+emptying+the+rehearsal+buffer+predicts+incorrectly+that+the+number+of+recalled+items+should+be+the+highest+when+the+first+recalled+item+is+the+last+list+item.+Third%2C+a+simplified+Atkinson-Shiffrin+model+is+found+to+predict+exact+relationships+between+the+recall+probabilities+of+the+initial+items+which+do+not+seem+to+be+borne+out+by+the+Murdock+data.+Fourth%2C+the+theory+predicts+a+discontinuity+in+the+differences+between+free+recall+graphs+with+different+presentation+rates+for+early+list+items+which+is+probably+not+found+in+the+Murdock+data.&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.type=Preprint&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6744%2F1%2FA%2526S_model_does_not_fit_Murdock_data.pdf&rft.identifier=++Tarnow%2C+Dr.+Eugen++(2009)+The+Atkinson-Shiffrin+model+is+ill-defined+and+does+not+correctly+describe+the+Murdock+free+recall+data.++%5BPreprint%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6744%2F