---
abstract: 'Emergent properties (EPs) are not causally reducible to the properties of a complex system’s elements. If a system’s properties cannot be reduced to those of any of its components, then that system is effectively a singular entity (SE). EPs are thus not properties of known complexes, but of SEs. A precise description of the parameters necessary to observe a physical system as an SE is thus necessary to establish under what conditions properties are understood as emergent. That description is provided in terms of the temporal dynamics of systems and their internal/external interactions. '
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creators_id:
  - digiravett@mac.com
creators_name:
  - family: Brown
    given: Steven Ravett
    honourific: 'Dr. '
    lineage: ''
date: 2009-06
date_type: published
datestamp: 2009-10-15 22:55:28
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dir: disk0/00/00/66/29
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editors_id:
  - Editor
editors_name:
  - family: Moser
    given: Paul
    honourific: 'Dr. '
    lineage: ''
eprint_status: archive
eprintid: 6629
fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/6629/1/Brown%2D_Reentrant_emergence.pdf
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keywords: 'emergence; epistemology; philosophy of mind; relaxation time; '
lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:57:25
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metadata_visibility: show
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number: 3
pagerange: 225-238
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publication: American Philosophical Quarterly
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refereed: TRUE
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rev_number: 20
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status_changed: 2009-10-15 22:55:28
subjects:
  - phil-mind
  - phil-epist
  - neuro-psy
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suggestions: 'This is the first in a series of papers. It is intended to set the groundwork for one of the basic ideas in the series, and therefore it is very general in scope. '
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title: Reentrant emergence
type: journalp
userid: 432
volume: 46
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