@misc{cogprints654, volume = {103}, number = {3}, title = {Orthographic Processing in Visual Word Recognition: A Multiple Read-Out Model}, author = {Jonathan Grainger and Arthur M. Jacobs}, year = {1996}, pages = {518--565}, journal = {Psychological Review}, keywords = {word recognition, lexical access, lexical decision task, naming task, perceptual identification task, interactive activation, logogen, lexical inhibition, orthographic neighborhood, frequency blocking, neighborhood frequency effect, neighborhood density effect, word frequency effect, model construction, model evaluation, nested modeling, canonical modeling, functional overlap modeling, multiple code activation, variable criteria hypothesis, multiple read-out hypothesis}, url = {http://cogprints.org/654/}, abstract = {A model of orthographic processing is described that postulates read-out from different information dimensions, determined by variable response criteria set on these dimensions. Performance in a perceptual identification task is simulated as the percentage of trials on which a noisy criterion set on the dimension of single word detector activity is reached. Two additional criteria set on the dimensions of total lexical activity and time from stimulus onset are hypothesized to be operational in the lexical decision task. These additional criteria flexibly adjust to changes in stimulus material and task demands, thus accounting for strategic influences on performance in this task. The model unifies results obtained in response-limited and data-limited paradigms, and helps resolve a number of inconsistencies in the experimental literature that cannot be accommodated by other current models of visual word recognition.} }