@misc{cogprints6399,
          volume = {59},
          number = {1},
          author = {Dr. Leslie I. Curtin and Julie A. Grakowsky and Mauricio Suarez and Dr. Alexis C. Thompson and Dr. Jean M. DiPirro and Dr. Lisa B.E. Martin and Dr. Mark B. Kristal},
           title = {Evaluation of Buprenorphine in a Postoperative
Pain Model in Rats},
       publisher = {American Association for Laboratory Animal Science},
         journal = {Comparative Medicine},
           pages = {60--71},
            year = {2009},
        keywords = {buprenorphine, pain, antinociception, allodynia, postsurgical, opiates, rat, hypoalgesia, isoalgesia, analgesia},
             url = {http://cogprints.org/6399/},
        abstract = {We evaluated the commonly prescribed analgesic buprenorphine in a postoperative pain model in rats, assessing acute postoperative pain relief, rebound hyperalgesia, and the long-term effects of postoperative opioid treatment on subsequent opioid exposure. Rats received surgery (paw incision under isoflurane anesthesia), sham surgery (anesthesia only), or neither and were treated postoperatively with 1 of several doses of subcutaneous buprenorphine. Pain sensitivity to noxious and nonnoxious mechanical stimuli at the site of injury (primary pain) was assessed at 1, 4, 24, and 72 h after surgery. Pain sensitivity at a site distal to the injury (secondary pain) was assessed at 24 and 72 h after surgery. Rats were tested for their sensitivity to the analgesic and
locomotor effects of morphine 9 to 10 d after surgery. Buprenorphine at 0.05 mg/kg SC was determined to be the most effective; this dose induced isoalgesia during the acute postoperative period and the longest period of pain relief, and it did not induce longterm changes in opioid sensitivity in 2 functional measures of the opioid system. A lower dose of buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg SC) did not meet the criterion for isoalgesia, and a higher dose (0.1 mg/kg SC) was less effective in pain relief at later recovery periods and induced a long-lasting opioid tolerance, indicating greater neural adaptations. These results support the use of 0.05 mg/kg SC buprenorphine as the upper dose limit for effective treatment of postoperative pain in rats and suggest that higher doses produce long-term effects on opioid sensitivity.}
}

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