?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Amniotic+Fluid+Ingestion+Enhances%0D%0AOpioid-Mediated+But+Not%0D%0ANonopioid-Mediated+Analgesia&rft.creator=Kristal%2C+Dr.+Mark+B.&rft.creator=Tarapacki%2C+J.+A.&rft.creator=Barton%2C+Debra&rft.subject=Psychobiology&rft.subject=Physiological+Psychology&rft.subject=Behavioral+Neuroscience&rft.subject=Neurochemistry&rft.description=Ingestion+of+amniotic+fluid+or+placenta+by+rats+has+been+shown+to+enhance+several+types+of+opioid-mediated+analgesia%3A+that+induced+by+morphine%2C+footshock%2C+vaginal%2Fcervical+stimulation%2C+and+late+pregnancy.+This+enhancement+has+also+been+blocked+by+administration+of+opioid+antagonists.+The+present+study+was+designed+to+examine+further+the+specificity+of+the+enhancement+effect+for+opioid-mediated+analgesia+by+testing+for+enhancement+following+administration+of+aspirin%2C+a+nonopioid+analgesic.+The+formalin+test+was+used+as+the+pain+threshold+assay.+Amniotic+fluid+or+beef+bouillon+was+administered+by+orogastric+tube+to+rats+that+were+treated+either+with+morphine+sulfate+or+saline.+or+pretreated+with+naltrexone%2C+then+treated+with+aspirin+or+vehicle.+Both+morphine+and+aspirin+treatments+produced+analgesia.+Amniotic+fluid+significantly+enhanced+the+analgesia+produced+by+morphine%2C+but+did+not+enhance+the+analgesia+produced+by+aspirin%2C+further+suggesting+that+the+enhancing+effect+of+amniotic+fluid+ingestion+is+specific+for+opioid-mediated+analgesia%2C+such+as+that+existing+at+the+start+of+parturition.&rft.publisher=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6249%2F1%2Fnonopioid.pdf&rft.identifier=++Kristal%2C+Dr.+Mark+B.+and+Tarapacki%2C+J.+A.+and+Barton%2C+Debra++(1990)+Amniotic+Fluid+Ingestion+Enhances+Opioid-Mediated+But+Not+Nonopioid-Mediated+Analgesia.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F6249%2F