?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=UNERTAN+SYNDROME%3A+A+CASE+SERIES+DEMONSTRATING+HUMAN+DEVOLUTION&rft.creator=Tan%2C+Prof.+Dr.+Uner&rft.creator=Karaca%2C+Dr.+Sibel&rft.creator=Tan%2C+Dr.++Meliha+&rft.subject=Neurology&rft.subject=Neuropsychiatry&rft.description=A+large+family+with+six+individuals+exhibiting+the+Unertan+syndrome+(UTS)was+identified+residing+in+southern+Turkey.+All+of+the+individuals+had+mental+impairments+and+walked+on+all+four+extremities.+The+practice+of+intra-familial%0D%0Amarriages+suggested+that+theUTS+may+be+an+autosomal+recessive+disorder%2C+similar+to+previously+described+cases.+The+inferior+portions+of+the+cerebellum+and+vermis+were%0D%0Aabsent+as+evidenced+by+MRI+and+CT+scans.+The+height+and+head+circumference+of+those+affected+were+within+normal+ranges.+Barany%E2%80%99s+test+suggested+normal+vestibular%0D%0Asystem+function.+The+subjects+could+not+name+objects+or+their+close+relatives.+The+males+(n+%3D+4)+could+understand+simple+questions+and+commands%2C+but+answered+questions+with+only+one+or+two+sounds.+The+females+(n+%3D+2)+were+superior+to%0D%0Athe+males+with+respect+to+language+skills+and+walking%2C+suggesting+an+association+between+walking+and+speaking+abilities.+One+male+exhibited+three+walking+patterns%0D%0Aat+the+same+time%3A+quadripedal%2C+tiptoe%2C+and+scissor+walking.+Another+male+used+two+walking+styles%3A+quadripedal+and+toe-walking.+It+is+emphasized+that+there+are+important+differences+between+the+UTS+and+the+disequilibrium+syndrome.+It+is+suggested+that+the+inability+to+walk+upright+in+those+affected+with+the+UTS+may+be%0D%0Abest+explained+by+a+disturbance+in+lateral-balance+mechanisms%2Cwithout+being+related+to+the+cerebello-vestibular+system.An+interruption+of+locomotor+development+during+the+transition+from+quadripedality+to+bipedality+may+result+in+habitual+walking+on+all+four+extremities+and+is+normal+in+some+children.+Because+quadripedal%0D%0Agait+is+an+ancestral+trait%2C+individuals+with+the+UTS%2C+exhibiting+a+manifestation+of+reverse+evolution+in+humans%2C+may+be+considered+an+experiment+of+nature%2C+useful%0D%0Ain+understanding+the+mechanisms+underlying+the+transition+from+quadripedality+to+bipedality+during+human+evolution.+The+proposed+mutant+gene+or+gene+pool+playing%0D%0Aa+role+in+human+quadrupedality+may+also+be+responsible+for+human+bipedality+at+the+same+time.+Herein+there+is+no+intent+to+insult+or+injure%3B+rather%2C+this+report+is+an%0D%0Aendeavor+to+better+understand+human+beings.+Supplementary+materials+are+available+for+this+article.+Go+to+the+publisher%E2%80%99s+online+edition+of+International+Journal+of%0D%0ANeuroscience+for+the+following+free+supplemental+resource(s)%3A+video+clips.&rft.publisher=Informa+Healthcare&rft.contributor=Weinstein%2C+Prof.+Dr.++Sidney&rft.contributor=Tan%2C+Prof.+DR.++Uner&rft.date=2007-11-28&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5858%2F1%2FUTS_A_CASE_SERIES%252C_IJN%252C_1%252C_1-26%252C_2008.pdf&rft.identifier=++Tan%2C+Prof.+Dr.+Uner+and+Karaca%2C+Dr.+Sibel+and+Tan%2C+Dr.+Meliha+++(2007)+UNERTAN+SYNDROME%3A+A+CASE+SERIES+DEMONSTRATING+HUMAN+DEVOLUTION.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5858%2F