?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=How+deliberate%2C+spontaneous+and+unwanted+memories+emerge+in+a+computational+model+of+consciousness&rft.creator=Baars%2C+Bernard+J&rft.creator=Franklin%2C+Stan&rft.creator=Ramamurthy%2C+Uma&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.subject=Artificial+Intelligence&rft.description=%E2%80%9CAnd+as+soon+as+I+had+recognized+the+taste+of+the+piece+of+madeleine+soaked+in+her+decoction+of+lime-blossom+which+my+aunt+used+to+give+me+...+immediately+the+old+grey+house+upon+the+street%2C+where+her+room+was%2C+rose+up+like+a+stage+set+to+attach+itself+to+the+little+pavilion+opening+on+to+the+garden+which+had+been+built+out+behind+it+for+my+parents+...%3B+and+with+the+house+the+town%2C+from+morning+to+night+and+in+all+weathers%2C+the+Square+where+I+used+to+be+sent+before+lunch%2C+the+streets+along+which+I+used+to+run+errands%2C+the+country+roads+we+took+when+it+was+fine+...%E2%80%9D%0D%0A%0D%0A---Marcel+Proust%2C+Remembrance+of+Times+Past+()%0D%0A%0D%0AIn+these+words+the+novelist+Marcel+Proust+described+a+flood+of+unbidden+memories+evoked+by+the+taste+of+what+must+be+the+most+famous+cookie+in+the+world%2C+Proust%E2%80%99s+madeleine+soaked+in+lime-blossom+tea.+It+is+of+course+an+experience+of+spontaneous+recall.+Judging+by+numerous+thought-monitoring+studies%2C+spontaneous+recall+is+the+norm+in+everyday+thought.+But+because+it+is+more+difficult+to+study+experimentally+than+deliberate+recall%2C+we+know+much+less+about+it.%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0AIn+this+chapter+we+describe+how+a+current+theory+of+conscious+cognition%2C+global+workspace+theory%2C+leads+naturally+to+a+model+of+both+deliberate+and+spontaneous+recall.+Deliberate+recall+is+intended%3B+spontaneous+memories+are+not.+They+can+be+divided+into+two+categories%3A%0D%0A%0D%0A1.+acceptable+spontaneous+recall+(ASR)%2C+like+Proust%E2%80%99s+famous+rush+of+memories+evoked+by+the+taste+of+the+madeleine.+Such+memories+are+interesting+or+pleasant+or+at+least+tolerable%3B%0D%0A2.+unwanted+spontaneous+recall+(USR)%2C+such+as+painful+traumatic+events%2C+an+annoying+recurrent+melody%2C+or+a+the+memory+of+an+unresolved+argument+with+a+loved+one.%0D%0A%0D%0AWe+therefore+have+three+categories+altogether%2C+deliberate+recall+(DR)%2C+spontaneous+recall+that+is+acceptable+(ASR)+and+unwanted+spontaneous+recall+(USR).%0D%0A%0D%0AA+large-scale+computational+model+of+global+workspace+theory+called+IDA+has+been+developed+by+Franklin+and+co-authors+(Franklin+et+al%2C+2005).+IDA+allows+the+detailed+modeling+of+GW+theory%2C+together+with+other+well-studied+cognitive+mechanisms%2C+in+challenging+real-world+tasks+(Franklin+et+al%2C+1998%3B+Franklin+and+Grasser+2001%3B+Franklin+2001a%3B+Ramamurthy+et+al%2C+2003%2C+2004%3B+Franklin+et+al%2C+2005).+This+chapter+will+only+focus+on+the+question+of+consciousness+and+voluntary+control+as+they+apply+to+recall.+Because+IDA+is+able+to+simulate+human+functioning+in+at+least+one+type+of+highly+trained+expertise%2C+our+approach+here+is+to+furnish+a+working+proof+of+principle%2C+showing+that+the+basic+computational+mechanisms+are+adequate+to+generate+human-like+cognitive+functioning+in+a+real-world+task.+No+added+theoretical+constructs+are+needed+to+show+three+kinds+of+recall+we+discuss+here%3A+deliberate%2C+spontaneous+and+unwanted.+They+emerge+directly+from+the+original+model.%0D%0A%0D%0AUnwanted+memories+are+important+in+post-traumatic+%E2%80%9Cflashbacks%2C%E2%80%9D+as+reported+in+the+clinical+literature.+While+there+is+controversy+about+the+accuracy+of+claimed+memories%2C+for+example%2C+there+is+little+debate+that+repetitive+thoughts+and+fragments+of+memories+can+occur.+Wegner+has+been+able+to+evoke+unwanted+words+in+an+%E2%80%9Cironic+recall%E2%80%9D+paradigm%2C+that+is%2C+an+experimental+method+in+which+subjects+are+asked+not+to+think+of+some+category+of+ideas%2C+such+as+white+bears+or+pink+elephants+(1994).+Unwanted+memories+can+be+annoying%2C+or+in+the+case+of+obsessional+thinking%2C+they+may+become+disabling.+In+everyday+life%2C+one+can+simply+ask+people+to+bring+to+mind+an+intensely+embarrassing+personal+memory%2C+which+can+be+quite+uncomfortable.+A+number+of+clinical+categories+(the+Axis+I+disorders)+involve+unwanted+thoughts%2C+feelings%2C+actions%2C+or+memories.+These+conditions+are+at+the+more+dysfunctional+pole+of+unwanted+mental+events%2C+and+the+study+of+unwanted+memories+may+help+provide+some+insight+into+them.&rft.date=2007&rft.type=Other&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=other&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5851%2F1%2FChapter_9_Baars_Ramamurthy_Franklin_July13.doc&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5851%2F2%2FChapter_9_Baars_Ramamurthy_Franklin_July13.doc&rft.identifier=++Baars%2C+Bernard+J+and+Franklin%2C+Stan+and+Ramamurthy%2C+Uma++(2007)+How+deliberate%2C+spontaneous+and+unwanted+memories+emerge+in+a+computational+model+of+consciousness.++++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5851%2F