?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=UNERTAN+SYNDROME%3A+REVIEW+AND+REPORT+OF+FOUR+NEW+CASES&rft.creator=Tan%2C+Prof.+Dr.++Uner&rft.subject=Neurology&rft.description=The+aim+of+this+study+was+to+describe+additional+patients+(n+%3D+3)+exhibiting+the+Unertan+syndrome+(UTS)%2C+resident+in+rural+areas+of+Canakkale.+The+8th+and+9th+families+with+the+UTS%2C+with+a+total+of+16+members+affected%2C+have+not+been+previously+characterized.+A+single%2C+non-familial+case+(Bayramic%2C+Canakkale)+occurred+during+early+childhood+after+an+infection+with+a+high+fever.+Three+cases+of+familial+UTS+were+located+in+another+village+in+Canakkale.+All+cases+exhibited+the+three+key+symptoms+of+the+UTS%3A+1)+walking+on+all+four+extremities%2C+2)+primitive+language+(only+sounds)%2C+and+3)+rudimentary+intelligence.+Magnetic+resonance+imaging+showed+mild+vermial+hypoplasia+in+the+non-familial+case%2C+while+there+was+cerebellar+and+vermial+hypoplasia+with+a+flattened+cerebral+cortex+in+the+familial+cases.+Dexterity+of+the+fingers+was+normal.+The+man+from+the+latter+family+was+fond+of+dragging+a+wooden+box+after+fastening+a+string+around+his+belt.+The+collective+observations+and+clinical+findings+suggest+two+etiologies+for+the+UTS%3A+1)+genetic%2C+via+autosomal+recessive+transmission+and+2)+viral%2C+likely+the+poliovirus+affecting+the+cerebro-cerebellar+structures.+At+a+minimum%2C+vermial+hypoplasia+is+suggested+to+cause+fully+developed+UTS.+The+subjects+could+stand+upright+and+even+walk+bipedally%2C+despite+difficulties+in+balance+(ataxia)%2C+but+they+preferred+quadrupedal+walking.+The+main+difficulty+with+gait+was+maintaining+a+dynamic-asymmetric+lateral+balance+and+initiation+of+the+first+step+during+standing.+Apparently%2C+a+quadrupedal+gait+in+an+adult+is+a+developmental+regression+with+absence+of+the+higher+control+mechanisms+for+asymmetric+lateral+balance+during+bipedal+walking.+It+is+suggested+that+these+individuals+exhibit+ancestral+traits%3B+the+quadrupedal+gait+with+rudimentary+intelligence+and+primitive+speech+resulting+from+viral+infections+and%2For+genetic+damage+may+cause+devolution+(reverse+evolution)%2C+a+manifestation+of+an+experiment+of+nature+as+well+as+experimental+studies+in+animal+models.+The+results+support+the+notion+of+punctuated+evolution%2C+in+contrast+to+Darwin%60s+theory+of+graded+evolution.+Dragging+a+wooden+box+using+a+string+wrapped+around+the+belt+may+also+be+an+example+of+reverse+evolution+with+regard+to+tool+making%2C+illuminating+the+very+long-lasting+period+before+the+invention+of+the+wheel.+Herein%2C+there+has+been+no+intent+to+insult+or+injure+these+individuals+affected+by+the+UTS%2C+rather+this+is+an+endeavor+to+better+understand+the+mystery+of+human+evolution.+&rft.date=2007&rft.type=Preprint&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5775%2F1%2FUTS_REVIEW_AND_REPORT.doc&rft.identifier=++Tan%2C+Prof.+Dr.+Uner++(2007)+UNERTAN+SYNDROME%3A+REVIEW+AND+REPORT+OF+FOUR+NEW+CASES.++%5BPreprint%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5775%2F