---
abstract: 'A substance in amniotic fluid and placenta (POEF for Placental Opioid-Enhancing Factor) has been shown to enhance opiate- or opioid-mediated analgesia in rats. Recent studies have only touched on the generalizability of the phenomenon. The present studies further tested the generalizability of the POEF effect: they examined sex specificity of the mechanism, whether POEF activity exists in afterbirth material of species other than the rat; whether POEF activity exists in tissue other than afterbirth material; whether POEF activity could be demonstrated after injection rather than ingestion of afterbirth material; and whether POEF enhances all opioid-mediated phenomena. We found that (a) POEF is effective in male rats as well as in female rats; (b) POEF activity exists in human and dolphin afterbirth material; (c) ingestion of pregnant-rat liver does not produce enhancement of opioid-mediated analgesia; (d) POEF does not seem to be effective when amniotic fluid is injected either IPO or SC; and (e) POEF does not modify morphine-induced hyperthermia.'
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  - ''
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  - kristal@buffalo.edu
creators_name:
  - family: Abbott
    given: P.
    honourific: ''
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  - family: Thompson
    given: A. C.
    honourific: ''
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  - family: Ferguson
    given: E.J.
    honourific: ''
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  - family: Doerr
    given: J. C.
    honourific: ''
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  - family: Tarapacki
    given: J. A.
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Kostyniak
    given: P.J.
    honourific: Dr.
    lineage: ''
  - family: Syracuse
    given: J.A.
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Cartonia
    given: D.M.
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Kristal
    given: Mark B.
    honourific: Dr.
    lineage: ''
date: 1991
date_type: published
datestamp: 2007-10-22 10:46:07
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dir: disk0/00/00/57/63
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eprint_status: archive
eprintid: 5763
fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/5763/1/generalize.pdf
full_text_status: public
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keywords: 'POEF, placenta, analgesia, opioids, amniotic fluid, pain, morphine, birth, placentophagia'
lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:58
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metadata_visibility: show
note: ~
number: 5
pagerange: 933-940
pubdom: FALSE
publication: Physiology & Behavior
publisher: Pergamon Press
refereed: TRUE
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rev_number: 23
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status_changed: 2007-10-22 10:46:07
subjects:
  - behav-neuro-sci
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title: 'Placental opioid-enhancing factor (POEF): Generalizability of effects'
type: journalp
userid: 88
volume: 50
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