?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=%E2%80%9CUNER+TAN+SYNDROME%E2%80%9D+IN+TWO+TURKISH+FAMILIES+IN+RELATION+TO+DEVOLUTION+AND+EMERGENCE+OF+HOMO+ERECTUS%3A+NEUROLOGICAL+EXAMINATION%2C+MRI+AND+PET+SCANS&rft.creator=TAN%2C+Prof.+Dr.+%C3%9Cner&rft.creator=PEN%C3%87E%2C+Dr.+Sadrettin&rft.creator=YILMAZ%2C+Dr.+Mustafa&rft.creator=%C3%96ZKUR%2C+Dr.+Ayhan&rft.creator=KARACA%2C+Dr.+Sibel&rft.creator=TAN%2C+Dr.+Meliha&rft.creator=KARATA%C5%9E%2C+Dr.+Mehmet&rft.subject=Neurology&rft.subject=Evolutionary+Psychology&rft.description=%E2%80%9CUner+Tan+Syndrome%E2%80%9D+consists+of+two+main+symptoms%3A+quadrupedal+gait+and+primitive+cognitive+abilities+including+language+and+conscious+experience.+To+assess+the+central+mechanisms+involved+in+this+syndrome%2C+we+performed+MRI+and+PET+scans+on+affected+and+unaffected+individuals+from+both+families.+All+affected+individuals+were+also+subjected+to+neurological+examination.+To+assess+the+integrity+of+the+peripheral+and+central+vestibular+system%2C+Barany%E2%80%99s+caloric+test+was+applied+to+the+affected+individuals.+Brain+MRI+and+PET+scans+were+performed+on+normal+subjects+(N+%3D+7)+and+patients+(N+%3D+7).+Right-+and+left-cerebral+and+cerebellar+areas%2C+including+the+vermial+and+callosal+areas%2C+were+measured+on+the+MRI+scans+using+a+computer+cursor.+Quadrupedal+gait%2C+mental+retardation%2C+dysartric+speech%2C+nystagmus%2C+severe+truncal+ataxia%2C+hyperreflexia%2C+astasia+and+abasia+were+observed+in+the+affected+individuals+from+both+families.+Cerebellum+and+vermis+were+atrophic+in+the+MRI+and+PET+scans+of+the+first+family.+In+contrast%2C+the+brain+MRI+seemed+to+be+normal+in+the+MRI+and+PET+scans+of+affected+individuals+from+the+second+family.+The+caloric+test+revealed+central+vestibular+damage+in+patients+from+the+first+family+and+peripheral+vestibular+damage+in+patients+from+the+second+family.+The+results+suggest+that+%E2%80%9CUner+Tan+Syndrome%E2%80%9D%2C+discovered+in+two+unrelated+families%2C+may+be+caused+by+peripheral+or+central+vestibular+damage+resulting+from+different+genetic+defects.+Cerebellar+hypoplasia+may+not+be+a+prerequisite+for+the+emergence+of+this+syndrome.+Primitive+mental+abilities+may+be+explained+by+damage+within+the+vestibulo-cerebellar+system%2C+while+the+quadrupedal+gait+may+be+due+to+a+genetic+defect+within+the+higher+brain+centers+that+suppress+the+atavistic+brain+networks+controlling+quadrupedal+gait+and+helped+in+the+emergence+of+the+habitual+bipedal+gait+during+human+evolution.+This+retarded+development+of+human+locomotion+%E2%80%93devolution-+may+illuminate+the+brain+mechanisms+responsible+for+the+transition+from+quadrupedality+to+bipedality+in+human+evolution.&rft.date=2006&rft.type=Preprint&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5387%2F1%2FWRIST_WALKER_NO_UT_SYND.pdf&rft.identifier=++TAN%2C+Prof.+Dr.+%C3%9Cner+and+PEN%C3%87E%2C+Dr.+Sadrettin+and+YILMAZ%2C+Dr.+Mustafa+and+%C3%96ZKUR%2C+Dr.+Ayhan+and+KARACA%2C+Dr.+Sibel+and+TAN%2C+Dr.+Meliha+and+KARATA%C5%9E%2C+Dr.+Mehmet++(2006)+%E2%80%9CUNER+TAN+SYNDROME%E2%80%9D+IN+TWO+TURKISH+FAMILIES+IN+RELATION+TO+DEVOLUTION+AND+EMERGENCE+OF+HOMO+ERECTUS%3A+NEUROLOGICAL+EXAMINATION%2C+MRI+AND+PET+SCANS.++%5BPreprint%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5387%2F