creators_name: Szymanski, Julian creators_name: Sarnatowicz, Tomasz creators_name: Duch, Wlodzislaw type: journalp datestamp: 2007-01-19 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:45 metadata_visibility: show title: Towards Avatars with Artificial Minds: Role of Semantic Memory ispublished: inpress subjects: comp-sci-lang subjects: comp-sci-neural-nets subjects: comp-sci-art-intel subjects: comp-sci-hci full_text_status: public keywords: semantic memory, avatars, cyberspace, natural language processing, dialogue systems, word games abstract: he first step towards creating avatars with human-like artificial minds is to give them human-like memory structures with an access to general knowledge about the world. This type of knowledge is stored in semantic memory. Although many approaches to modeling of semantic memories have been proposed they are not very useful in real life applications because they lack knowledge comparable to the common sense that humans have, and they cannot be implemented in a computationally efficient way. The most drastic simplification of semantic memory leading to the simplest knowledge representation that is sufficient for many applications is based on the Concept Description Vectors (CDVs) that store, for each concept, an information whether a given property is applicable to this concept or not. Unfortunately even such simple information about real objects or concepts is not available. Experiments with automatic creation of concept description vectors from various sources, including ontologies, dictionaries, encyclopedias and unstructured text sources are described. Haptek-based talking head that has an access to this memory has been created as an example of a humanized interface (HIT) that can interact with web pages and exchange information in a natural way. A few examples of applications of an avatar with semantic memory are given, including the twenty questions game and automatic creation of word puzzles. date: 2007 date_type: published publication: Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligence volume: in pri publisher: American Scientific Publishers refereed: TRUE referencetext: J. Weizenbaum, Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation. W. H. Freeman & Co. New York, NY, 1976. R. Wallace, The Elements of AIML Style, ALICE A. I. Foundation (2003), see www.alicebot.org F. Pulvermüller, The Neuroscience of Language. On Brain Circuits of Words and Serial Order. Cambridge Uni. Press, 2003. F. Pulvermüller, Y. Shtyrov, R. Ilmoniemi, Brain signatures of meaning access in action word recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17(6), 884-892, 2005. J.R. Anderson, Learning and Memory. J. Wiley and Sons, NY 1995. A.M. Collins, M.R. Quillian, Retrieval time from semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 8, 240-7, 1969. A.M. Collins, E.F. Loftus, A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Reviews 82, 407-28, 1975. J.F. Sowa, ed, Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in the Representation of Knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1991. F. Lehmann, ed, Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1992. C.F. Baker, C.J. Fillmore and B. Cronin, The Structure of the Framenet Database, International Journal of Lexicography, Volume 16.3: 281-296, 2003. H. Brandt-Pook, G.A. Fink, B. Hildebrandt, F. Kummert, and G. Sagerer, A Robust Dialogue System for Making an Appointment. In: Int. Conf. on Spoken Language Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 693-696, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1996. D.B. Lenat, CYC: A Large-Scale Investment in Knowledge Infrastructure. Comm. of the ACM 38, 33-38, 1995. W.B. Dolan, L. Vanderwende, and S. Richardson, Automatically Deriving Structured Knowledge Base from On-line Dictionaries. In: Proc. of the Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics, Vancouver, BC, 1993. L. Vanderwende, The Analysis of Noun Sequences using Semantic Information Extracted from On-Line Dictionaries. Ph.D. thesis, 312 p, Georgetown University, 1995. S. Richardson, Determining Similarity and Inferring Relations in a Lexical Knowledge Base. Ph.D. thesis, 187 p, The City University of New York, 1997. G. Hickok, and D. Poeppel, Dorsal and ventral streams: A new framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language. Cognition, 92, 67-99, 2004. citation: Szymanski, Julian and Sarnatowicz, Tomasz and Duch, Wlodzislaw (2007) Towards Avatars with Artificial Minds: Role of Semantic Memory. [Journal (Paginated)] (In Press) document_url: http://cogprints.org/5357/1/06-Avatars.pdf