?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=The+Pharmacotherapy+Of+Smoking+Cessation&rft.creator=Devalcheruvu%2C+Dr+Ravichand+D.M.&rft.creator=Nalli%2C+Dr+Vijaya.N.&rft.subject=Calicut+Medical+Journal&rft.description=+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++The+great+majority+of+smokers+are+chronically+dependent+on+tobacco.+This+dependence+arises+from+the+rituals+and+sensory+associations+of+smoking+that+are+reinforced%2C+within+seconds%2C+by+a+rapid+burst+of+nicotine+from+the+cigarette.++All+forms+of+nicotine+replacement+therapy+(NRT)+%E2%80%94+gum%2C+patches+and+inhaler+%E2%80%94+and+bupropion+are+safe+and+effective+for+increasing+smoking+cessation+rates+in+the+short+and+long+terms.++Other+than+those+who+are+minimally+dependent%2C+all+patients+willing+to+quit+should+be+offered+one+of+these+therapies+unless+contraindications+exist.+The+effectiveness+of+drug+treatments+is+multiplied+when+associated+with+effective+counseling+or+behavioral+treatments.++While+NRT+is+not+recommended+during+pregnancy+or+in+patients+with+cardiac+disease%2C+if+the+alternative+is+smoking+NRT+is+almost+certainly+safe.++Combination+NRT+(more+than+one+therapy)+may+be+indicated+in+patients+who+have+failed+monotherapy+in+association+with+withdrawal+symptoms.++There+are+some+specific+contraindications+to+the+use+of+bupropion.+Its+subsidized+availability+should+not+influence+prescribers+to+ignore+these.&rft.date=2007&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpostscript&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5345%2F1%2FThe_pharmacotherapy_of_smoking_cessation.doc&rft.identifier=++Devalcheruvu%2C+Dr+Ravichand+D.M.+and+Nalli%2C+Dr+Vijaya.N.++(2007)+The+Pharmacotherapy+Of+Smoking+Cessation.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D++++(Unpublished)++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5345%2F