creators_name: Tan, Uner editors_name: Hyden, Holger V. editors_name: Renzi, Ennio de editors_name: Tan, Uner type: journalp datestamp: 2006-12-22 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:45 metadata_visibility: show title: EVIDENCE FOR "UNER TAN SYNDROME" AS A HUMAN MODEL FOR REVERSE EVOLUTION ispublished: pub subjects: bio-theory full_text_status: public keywords: Uner Tan Syndrome, quadrupedal gait, reverse evolution, cerebellum, intelligence, speech, gait abstract: “Uner Tan Syndrome” was further studied in a second family. There was no cerebellar atrophy, except a mild vermial atrophy in MRI scans of the affected individuals. This is not, however, the pathogenesis of the “Uner Tan Syndrome”, since in the first and second families there were bipedal men exhibiting very similar MRI scans. The second family may also be considered a live model for reverse evolution in human beings. The present work provided evidence for a reverse evolution: (i) quadrupedality; (ii) primitive mental abilities including language; (iii) curved fingers during wrist-walking of the quadrupedal woman; (iv) arm to leg ratios being close to those of the human-like apes. The quadrupedal individuals were raised in separate places, so that they could not imitate each other, excluding the socio-cultural factors contributing to the habitual quadrupedal gait. The results are consistent with the single gene theory, suggesting a single gene controlling multiple behavioral traits, and the psychomotor theory, and a co-evolution of the human mind, an emergent property of the motor system expressed by human language. date: 2006-12 date_type: published publication: International Journal of Neuroscience volume: 116 publisher: Taylor & Francis pagerange: 1539-1547 refereed: TRUE referencetext: Elena, S. F., Cooper, V. S., & Lenski, R. E. (1996). Punctuated evolution caused by selection of rare beneficial mutations. Science, 272, 1802–1804. Korey, K. A. (1990). Deconstructing reconstruction: the OH62 humero-femoral skeleton. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 83, 25–33. Humphrey, S., Skoyles, J. R., & Keynes, R. (2005). Human hand-walkers: five siblings who Never stood up (online). London: LSE Research Online. Manoli, D. S., Foss, M., Villella, A., Taylor, B. J., Hall, J. C., & Baker, B. S. (2005). Male-specific fruitless specifies the neural substrates of Drosophila courtship behavior. Nature, 436, 334–335. Mezhzherin, S. V. (1997). Gradualism or puntualism: data on genetic differentiation of small mammals from the Holarctic region. Gneetika, 33, 518–523. Minghetti, P. P., & Dugaiczyk, A. (1993). The emergence of new DNA repeats and the divergence of primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A., 90, 1872–1876. Porter, M. L., & Crandall, K. A. (2003). Lost along the way: the significance of evolution in reverse. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18, 541–547. Tan, U. (2005a). Psychomotor theory mind-brain-body triad in health and disease. In S. N. Sarbadhikari (Ed.), Depression and dementia: Progress in brain research, clinical Implications. (pp. 21–53). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Tan, U. (2005b). Unertan Syndrome, quadrupedality, primitive language, and severe mental retardation, a new theory on the evolution of human mind. Neuroquantology, 4, 250–255. Tan, U. (2006a). A new syndrome with quadrupedal gait, primitive speech, and severe mental retardation as a live model for human evolution. International Journal of Neuroscience, 116, 361–370. Tan, U. (2006b). Evidence for Unertan Sydnrome and the evolution of human mind. International Journal of Neuroscience,inpress. Turkmen, S., Demirhan, O., Hoffmann, K., Diers, A., Zimmer, C., Sperling, K., & Mundlos, S. (2005). Cerebellar hypoplasia and quadrupedal locomotion in humans as a recessive Trait mapping to chromosome 17p. Journal of Medical Genetics, Epub, 040030. Wahlsten, D. (1999). Single-gene influence on brain and behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 599–624. citation: Tan, Prof. Dr. Uner (2006) EVIDENCE FOR "UNER TAN SYNDROME" AS A HUMAN MODEL FOR REVERSE EVOLUTION. [Journal (Paginated)] document_url: http://cogprints.org/5329/1/EVIDENCE_REVERSE_EVOL_2006_LAST.pdf