---
abstract: |-
  Summary: We tested the hypothesis that gestational injuries in some patients with schozophrenia would leave their mark as a subtle reduction in head circumference (subclinical microcrania).  
  
  Conclusions: The head circumferences of all subjects were in the normal range.  Decreased head circumference in affected MZ co-twins (relative to unaffected MZ co-twin) characteriazes discordant MZ pairs with larger finger-ridge-count differences (i.e., second-trimester fetal-size differences).  This study using ideal genetic controls suggests that, while present only in some patients with schizophrenia, the decrease in head circumference is most likely a consequence of in-utero nonshared environmental deleterious events manifesting as groth retardation or as fetal edema and occurring around the fifth prenatal month.  
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chapter: ~
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creators_name:
  - family: Bracha
    given: HS
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Gil
    given: P
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Lange
    given: B
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Gilder
    given: J
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Torrey
    given: EF
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: Gottesman
    given: II
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
  - family: McCray
    given: DS
    honourific: ''
    lineage: ''
date: 1995
date_type: published
datestamp: 2006-12-22
department: ~
dir: disk0/00/00/53/00
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editors_id: []
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eprint_status: archive
eprintid: 5300
fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/5300/1/Bracha_et_al.%2C_Subclinical_microcrania%2C_subclinical_macrocrarnia%2C_and_fifth%2Dmonth_fetal_markers_(of_growth_retardation_or_edema)_in_schizophrenia_a_co%2Dtwin_control_study_of_discordant_monozygotic_twins..PDF
full_text_status: public
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ispublished: pub
issn: ~
item_issues_comment: []
item_issues_count: 0
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keywords: 'Schizophrenia, Etiology, Embryology, Neurodevelopment, Dysmorphology, Dermatoglyphics, Twins, Monozygotic, Nonshared environment'
lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:44
latitude: ~
longitude: ~
metadata_visibility: show
note: ~
number: 1
pagerange: 44-52
pubdom: FALSE
publication: 'Neropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology'
publisher: ~
refereed: FALSE
referencetext: ~
relation_type: []
relation_uri: []
reportno: ~
rev_number: 10
series: ~
source: ~
status_changed: 2007-09-12 17:08:53
subjects:
  - neuro-psych
  - neuro-neu
succeeds: ~
suggestions: ~
sword_depositor: ~
sword_slug: ~
thesistype: ~
title: 'Subclinical microcrania, subclinical macrocrarnia, and fifth-month fetal markers (of growth retardation or edema) in schizophrenia: a co-twin control study of discordant monozygotic twins.'
type: journalp
userid: 6567
volume: 8
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