@misc{cogprints5241,
          volume = {6},
          number = {4},
           month = {July},
          author = {Ashok Shah and Jairam Aithal and Dhiraj Narula and Prafulla Kerkar},
          editor = {Balbir Singh and Yash Lokhandwala and Johnson Francis and Anup Gupta and Joydeep Ghosh},
           title = {Stable Atrial Sensing on Long-Term Follow Up of VDD Pacemakers
},
       publisher = {Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Group},
            year = {2006},
         journal = {Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal},
           pages = {189--193},
        keywords = {VDD Lead; P wave Amplitude; Atrial Sensitivity; Atrioventricular synchronous Pacing},
             url = {http://cogprints.org/5241/},
        abstract = {Background:
            The hemodynamic advantages of maintaining AV synchrony through AV synchronous pacing are widely known as compared to single chamber pacing. DDD pacemaker implantation entails higher cost and is technically more challenging than the VDD pacemaker.

Methods:
            Seventy one patients underwent VDD lead (Biotronik GmbH, St. Jude Medical and Medtronic Inc.) implantation at KEM hospital, Mumbai during a period of 3 years through subclavian, axillary and cephalic routes for degenerative, post-surgical or congenital high grade atrioventricular or complete heart block. They were followed up regularly for ventricular threshold and P wave amplitude of the floating atrial dipole.

Results:
            Follow up data of almost 95\% of patients is available for a period of 15.8 {$\pm$} 6.7 months. P wave amplitude at implant was 2.1 {$\pm$} 0.7mV and at follow up 1.1 {$\pm$} 0.6mV with mean ventricular threshold of {\ensuremath{<}}0.5V at implant and {\ensuremath{<}}1V at follow-up.

Conclusion:
            Implantation of a single lead VDD pacemaker is possible in all patients with symptomatic AV block and intact sinus node function without any technical complications. P wave sensing is reliable and consistent with floating atrial lead at an average follow up of 15.8 months, providing an excellent alternative to DDD pacemaker implantation.
}
}

<script src="//archive-bar.soton.ac.uk/archive-bar.js"></script>