?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Disambiguation+and+Grammar+as+Emergent+Soft+Constraints&rft.creator=Miikkulainen%2C+Risto&rft.creator=Mayberry%2C+Marshall+R.+III&rft.subject=Language&rft.subject=Neural+Nets&rft.description=When+reading+a+sentence+such+as+%22The+diplomat+threw+the+ball+in+the+ballpark+for+the+princess%22+our+interpretation+changes+from+a+dance+event+to+baseball+and+back+to+dance.+Such+on-line+disambiguation+happens+automatically+and+appears+to+be+based+on+dynamically+combining+the+strengths+of+association+between+the+keywords+and+the+two+senses.+Subsymbolic+neural+networks+are+very+good+at+modeling+such+behavior.+They+learn+word+meanings+as+soft+constraints+on+interpretation%2C+and+dynamically+combine+these+constraints+to+form+the+most+likely+interpretation.+On+the+other+hand%2C+it+is+very+difficult+to+show+how+systematic+language+structures+such+as+relative+clauses+could+be+processed+in+such+a+system.+The+network+would+only+learn+to+associate+them+to+specific+contexts+and+would+not+be+able+to+process+new+combinations+of+them.+A+closer+look+at+understanding+embedded+clauses+shows+that+humans+are+not+very+systematic+in+processing+grammatical+structures+either.+For+example%2C+%22The+girl+who+the+boy+who+the+girl+who+lived+next+door+blamed+hit+cried%22+is+very+difficult+to+understand%2C+whereas+%22The+car+that+the+man+who+the+dog+that+had+rabies+bit+drives+is+in+the+garage%22+is+not.+This+difference+emerges+from+the+same+semantic+constraints+that+are+at+work+in+the+disambiguation+task.+In+this+chapter+we+will+show+how+the+subsymbolic+parser+can+be+combined+with+high-level+control+that+allows+the+system+to+process+novel+combinations+of+relative+clauses+systematically%2C+while+still+being+sensitive+to+the+semantic+constraints.&rft.publisher=Erlbaum%2C+Hillsdale+NJ&rft.contributor=MacWhinney%2C+Brian+J.&rft.date=1998&rft.type=Book+Chapter&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpostscript&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F522%2F2%2Fmiikkulainen.emergent.ps&rft.identifier=++Miikkulainen%2C+Risto+and+Mayberry%2C+Marshall+R.+III++(1998)+Disambiguation+and+Grammar+as+Emergent+Soft+Constraints.++%5BBook+Chapter%5D++++(In+Press)++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F522%2F