<> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^ . <> . . "Homogeneity in Social Groups of Iraq"^^ . "Homogeneity in Social Groups of Iraqis\nJon Gresham, Farouk Saleh, Shara Majid\nJune 2006\n\n\tWith appreciation to the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies for initiating the Second World Congress for Middle Eastern Studies, this paper summarizes findings on homogeneity in community-level social groups derived from inter-ethnic research conducted during 2005 among Iraqi Arabs and Kurds living in the city of Basra, Iraq, and in the Netherlands. \n\tWe found that perceptions towards out-groups were not based on religion, ethnicity, class, or location as in traditional individual-focused social networks. Patterns of perception towards out-groups seemed to be rooted in homogeneous social sub-groups with combinations of these factors. \n\tThis research project used a 192-item survey of two hundred Iraqi business owners and managers in Iraq and in the Netherlands. It measured homogeneity of social group memberships. Survey elements included items drawn from the World Values Surveys (Inglehart), the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (Roper Center), and the Social Capital Inventory (Narayan and Cassidy). \n\tHomogeneity, relationship segregation, social trust, and community influence in social networks were estimated through indices reflecting components of social relationships in priority in-groups emerging from factor analysis of survey responses. Other indices included civic participation (socialization), perceptions of threat from out-groups, ethnic and religious identity, social trust, personal security, and contribution to community-based resources.\n\tUniformity of responses to certain items about out-groups corresponded to findings by other authors on segregation and membership in social networks (Burt 1997, Buskins 2005, Inglehart 2004, Narayan and Cassidy 2001, Putnam 1995). \n\tThis work was an expansion on a study on perceptions of threat from out-groups among Iraqis in five locations conducted in 2003 (Gresham 2004). \n\nThis paper presents the following major sections:\nI. \t Introduction\nII. \t Purpose\nIII. \t Background\nIV.\t Methodology \nV.\t Results\nVI. \t Reporting Process\nVII.\t Conclusions\nVIII. Further Work\nIX.\t Appendix\nX.\t End Notes\n\n\t\n*Jon Gresham, European Research Centre On Migration & Ethnic Relations,\n\tUniversity of Utrecht, Netherlands\nFarouk Saleh, University of Tilburg, Netherlands\nShara Majid, Erasmus University, Netherlands\nSee other reports at: http://www.CivilSocietyIraq.seedwiki.com\n"^^ . "2006" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Shara"^^ . "Majid"^^ . "Shara Majid"^^ . . "Jon"^^ . "Gresham"^^ . "Jon Gresham"^^ . . "Farouk"^^ . "Saleh"^^ . "Farouk Saleh"^^ . . . . . . "Homogeneity in Social Groups of Iraq (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "GreshamIraqSocialGroups.pdf"^^ . . . "Homogeneity in Social Groups of Iraq (Image (PNG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.png"^^ . . . "Homogeneity in Social Groups of Iraq (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #5212 \n\nHomogeneity in Social Groups of Iraq\n\n" . "text/html" . . . "Social Psychology" . .