<> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^ . <> . . "Testing the Paleolithic-human-warfare hypothesis of blood-injectiion phobia in the Balitmore ECA Follow-up Study-Towards a more etiologically-based conceptualization for DSM-V"^^ . "Objective: \nThe \nresearch \nagenda \nfor \nthe \nfifth \nedition \nof \nthe \nDiagnostic \nand \nStatistical \nManual \nof \nMental \nDisorders \n(DSM-V) \nhas\nemphasized \nthe \nneed \nfor a \nmore \netiologically-based \nclassification \nsystem, \nespecially \nfor \nstress-induced \nand \nfear-circuitry \ndisorders.\nTestable \nhypotheses \nbased \non \nthreats \nto \nsurvival \nduring \nparticular \nsegments \nof \nthe \nhuman \nera \nof \nevolutionary \nadaptedness \n(EEA)\nmay \nbe \nuseful \nin \ndeveloping a \nbrain-evolution-based \nclassification \nfor \nthe \nwide \nspectrum \nof \ndisorders \nranging \nfrom \ndisorders \nwhich\nare \nmostly \noverconsolidationally \nsuch \nas \nPTSD, \nto \nfear-circuitry \ndisorders \nwhich \nare \nmostly \ninnate \nsuch \nas \nspecific \nphobias. \nThe\nrecently \npresented \nPaleolithic-human-warfare \nhypothesis \nposits \nthat \nblood–injection \nphobia \ncan \nbe \ntraced \nto a \n“survival \n(fitness)\nenhancing” \ntrait, \nwhich \nevolved \nin \nsome \nfemales \nof \nreproductive-age \nduring \nthe \nmillennia \nof \nintergroup \nwarfare \nin \nthe \nPaleolithic\nEEA. \nThe \nstudy \npresented \nhere \ntests \nthe \nkey a \npriori \nprediction \nof \nthis \nhypothesis—that \ncurrent \nblood–injection \nphobia \nwill \nhave\nhigher \nprevalence \nin \nreproductive-age \nwomen \nthan \nin \npost-menopausal \nwomen.\nMethod: \nThe \nDiagnostic \nInterview \nSchedule \n(version \nIII-R)\n, \nwhich \nincluded a \nsection \non \nblood \nand \ninjection \nphobia, \nwas\nadministered \nto \n1920 \nsubjects \nin \nthe \nBaltimore \nECA \nFollow-up \nStudy.\nResults: \nData \non \nBII \nphobia \nwas \navailable \non \n1724 \nsubjects \n(1078 \nwomen \nand \n646 \nmales)\n. \nThe \nprevalence \nof \ncurrent \nblood–\ninjection \nphobia \nwas \n3.3% \nin \nwomen \naged \n27–49 \nand \n1.1% \nin \nwomen \nover \nage \n50 \n(OR \n3.05, \n95% \nCI \n1.20–7.73)\n. \n[The\ncorresponding \nfigures \nfor \nmales \nwere \n0.8% \nand \n0.7% \n(OR \n1.19, \n95% \nCI \n0.20–7.14)]\n.\nConclusions: \nThis \nepidemiological \nstudy \nprovides \none \nsource \nof \nsupport \nfor \nthe \nPaleolithic-human-warfare \n(Paleolithic-threat)\nhypothesis \nregarding \nthe \nevolutionary \n(distal) \netiology \nof \nbloodletting-related \nphobia, \nand \nmay \ncontribute \nto a \nmore \nbrain-\nevolution-based \nre-conceptualization \nand \nclassification \nof \nthis \nfear \ncircuitry-related \ntrait \nfor \nthe \nDSM-V. \nIn \naddition, \nthe \nfinding\nreported \nhere \nmay \nalso \nstimulate \nnew \nresearch \ndirections \non \nmore \nproximal \nmechanisms \nwhich \ncan \nlead \nto \nthe \ndevelopment \nof\nevidence-based \npsychopharmacological \npreventive \ninterventions \nfor \nthis \ncommon \nand \nsometimes \ndisabling \nfear-circuitry \ndisorder."^^ . "2006" . . "in pre" . . "Journal of Affective Disorders"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Stefan"^^ . "Bracha"^^ . "Stefan Bracha"^^ . . "William W."^^ . "Eaton"^^ . "William W. Eaton"^^ . . "O. Joseph"^^ . "Bienvenu"^^ . "O. Joseph Bienvenu"^^ . . . . . . "Testing the Paleolithic-human-warfare hypothesis of blood-injectiion phobia in the Balitmore ECA Follow-up Study-Towards a more etiologically-based conceptualization for DSM-V (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "2006_J.A.D._ECA.pdf"^^ . . . "Testing the Paleolithic-human-warfare hypothesis of blood-injectiion phobia in the Balitmore ECA Follow-up Study-Towards a more etiologically-based conceptualization for DSM-V (Image (PNG))"^^ . . . . . . "preview.png"^^ . . . "Testing the Paleolithic-human-warfare hypothesis of blood-injectiion phobia in the Balitmore ECA Follow-up Study-Towards a more etiologically-based conceptualization for DSM-V (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #5036 \n\nTesting the Paleolithic-human-warfare hypothesis of blood-injectiion phobia in the Balitmore ECA Follow-up Study-Towards a more etiologically-based conceptualization for DSM-V\n\n" . "text/html" . . . "Evolution" . . . "Evolutionary Psychology" . .