?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Freeze%2C+Flight%2C+Fight%2C+Fright%2C+Faint%3A++Adaptationist+Perspectives+on+the+Acute+Stress+Response+Spectrum&rft.creator=Bracha%2C+Dr.+H.+Stefan&rft.subject=Psychobiology&rft.subject=Evolutionary+Psychology&rft.subject=Psychophysiology&rft.description=This+article+reviews+the+existing+evolutionary+perspectives+on+the+acute+stress+response+habitual+faintness+and+blood-injection-injury+type-specific+phobia+(BIITS+phobia).+In+this+article%2C+an+alternative+evolutionary+perspective%2C+based+on+recent+advances+in+evolutionary+psychology%2C+is+proposed.+Specifically%2C+that+fear-induced+faintness+(eg%2C+fainting+following+the+sight+of+a+syringe%2C+blood%2C+or+following+a+trivial+skin+injury)+is+a+distinct+Homo+sapiens-specific+extreme-stress+survival+response+to+an+inescapable+threat.+The+article+suggests+that+faintness+evolved+in+response+to+middle+paleolithic+intra-group+and+inter-group+violence+(of+con-specifics)+rather+than+as+a+pan-mammalian+defense+response%2C+as+is+presently+assumed.+Based+on+recent+literature%2C+freeze%2C+flight%2C+fight%2C+fright%2C+faint+provides+a+more+complete+description+of+the+human+acute+stress+response+sequence+than+current+descriptions.+Faintness%2C+one+of+three+primary+physiological+reactions+involved+in+BIITS+phobia%2C+is+extremely+rare+in+other+phobias.+Since+heritability+estimates+are+higher+for+faintness+than+for+fears+or+phobias%2C+the+author+suggests+that+trait-faintness+may+be+a+useful+complement+to+trait-anxiety+as+an+endophenotype+in+research+on+the+human+fear+circuitry.+Some+implications+for+the+forthcoming+Diagnostic+and+Statistical+Manual+of+Mental+Disorders%2C+Fifth+Edition+as+well+as+for+clinical%2C+health+services%2C+and+transcriptomic+research+are+briefly+discussed&rft.date=2004-09&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5014%2F1%2F2004_C.N.S_Five_Fs_of_FEAR--Freeze_Flight_Fight_Fright_Faint.pdf&rft.identifier=++Bracha%2C+Dr.+H.+Stefan++(2004)+Freeze%2C+Flight%2C+Fight%2C+Fright%2C+Faint%3A+Adaptationist+Perspectives+on+the+Acute+Stress+Response+Spectrum.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F5014%2F