creators_name: I, Omalu
creators_name: A, Yako
creators_name: D, Duhlinska
creators_name: G, Anyanwu
creators_name: V, Pam
creators_name: P, Inyama
creators_id: Omalu ICJ
creators_id: Yako AB
creators_id: Duhlinska DD
creators_id: Anyanwu GI
creators_id: Pam VA
creators_id: Inyama PU
editors_name: Kakkilaya, Srinivas
editors_id: Kakkilaya BS
type: journale
datestamp: 2006-01-14
lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:56:19
metadata_visibility: show
title: First detection of intestinal microsporidia in Northern Nigeria
ispublished: pub
subjects: OJHAS
full_text_status: public
keywords: Enterocytozoon bienuesi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Microsporidial infections
abstract: Microsporidia are intracellular spore-forming protozoa that are increasingly being recognized as pathogens in humans. Faecal samples were taken from 2250 HIV/AIDS and 1050 HIV-negative patients from Kano and Makurdi in Northern Nigeria, and were investigated for microsporidial infections by Giemsa staining technique (Light microscopy). In Kano, Enterocytozoon bienuesi was detected in 8 (14.17%) and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in 5 (2.60%) out of 192 HIV/AIDS patients screened. A mixed infection of both 0.52% was observed.  Results from Makurdi showed that Enterocytozoon bienuesi was detected in 13 (0.65%) and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in 96 (4.78%) out of 2008 HIV/AIDS patients examined. No mixed infection was observed. Microsporidial spores were not found in 1050 HIV-negative patients screened from both areas. There was a significant difference (X2, p<0.05) in infection rates between the HIV/AIDS and HIV-negative patients. This study aimed at detecting the prevalence of intestinal microsporidia to provide baseline data on the status of this disease in Nigeria.  Detection of Microsporidia in Immuno-compromised patients has not been described previously in this area.
date: 2005-11
date_type: published
publication: Online Journal Of Health And Allied Sciences
volume: 4
number: 3
publisher: Dr. B.S. Kakkilaya
refereed: TRUE
referencetext: 1.	Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Microsporidiosis Parasite and Health. 2004;1-3pp.
2.	Kotler DP. Gastrointestinal manifestations or immunodefiency infection. Advance Internal Medicine 1995;40:197-241.
3.	Moura A, Hirschfeld MP, Brazil P, Sodre FC, Palhares MCA. Proceedings of the International Workshop on "Microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients. Ceske Bude-Jovice, Czech republic. September 28 - October 1, 1993.
4.	Asmuth DM, DeGirolami PC, Federman M, Ezratty CR, Pleskow DK, Desai G, Wanke CA. Clinical features of Microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1994;18:819-825.
5.	Orenstein JM, Chiang J, Steinberg W, Smith PD, Rotterdam H, Kotler DP. Intestinal Microsporidiosis as a cause of diarrhoea in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: a report of 20 cases. Human Pathology 1990;21(5):475-481.
6.	Accoceberry I, Thellier M, Desportes - Livage I, Achbarou A, Biligui S, Danis M, Datry A. Production of Monoclonal Antibodies directed against the Microsporidium. Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1999;37(12):4107-4112.
7.	Rabodonirina M, Bertocchi M, Desportes-Livage L, Cotte L, Levrey H, Piens MA, Monneret G, Celard M, Mornek JF, Mojon M. Enterocytozoon bieneusi as a cause of chronic diarrhoea in heart-lung transplant recipient who was seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1996;23:114-117.
8.	Sandfort J, Hannemann A, Stark D, Gelderblom H, Ruf B. Proceedings of the International Workshop on "Microsporidiosis and Cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients" Ceske BudeJovice Czech republic September 28 - October1, 1993.
9.	Van-Gool, T, Hollister WS, Eeftinck-Schattenkerk J, Van-Den Bergh Weerman MA, Terpstra WJ, Vanketel RJ, Reiss P, Canning EU. Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Microsporidiosis in AIDS patients by recovery of spores from faces. The Lancet 1990;336:697-698.
10.	Marshall MM, Naumovitz D, Ortega Y, Sterling C. Waterborne Protozoan Pathogens. Clinical Microbiological Review. 1997;10:67-85.
11.	Hollister WS, Canning EU, Colbourn NI, Curry A, Aarons EJ. Encephalitozoon cuniculi isolated from the urine of an AIDS patient, which differs from canine and Murine isolates. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 1995;42(4):367-372.
citation:   I CJ, Omalu and A B, Yako and D D, Duhlinska and G I, Anyanwu and V A, Pam and P U, Inyama  (2005) First detection of intestinal microsporidia in Northern Nigeria.  [Journal (On-line/Unpaginated)]     
document_url: http://cogprints.org/4700/1/2005-3-4.pdf