?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Pacemaker+Lead+Displacement%3A+Mechanisms+And+Management&rft.creator=Fuertes%2C+Beatriz&rft.creator=Toquero%2C+Jorge&rft.creator=Arroyo-Espliguero%2C+Ram%C3%B3n&rft.creator=Lozano%2C+Ignacio+F&rft.subject=Indian+Pacing+and+Electrophysiology+Journal&rft.description=+Pacemaker+lead+displacements+can+be+defined+as+any+other+pacemaker+position+change%2C+whether+the+functionality+of+the+pacemaker+is+affected+or+not.+However%2C+only+those+displacements+that+provoke+a+malfunction+in+the+pacing+system+are+clinically+relevant.+Chronologically+speaking%2C+there+are+early+displacements%2C+which+occur+within+the+first+six+weeks+after+implantation%2C+and+late+displacements%2C+after+this+period+of+time1.+Early+displacements+are+more+frequent+than+late+displacements+and+they+usually+affect+atrial+leads.+The+incidence+of+early+displacements+is+1%25+in+VVI+pacemakers+and+5.2%25+in+DDD+pacemakers+(3.8%25+of+the+cases+affecting+atrial+leads+and+1.4%25+ventricular+leads).+Acceptable+displacement+rates+should+probably+be+less+than+1+percent+for+ventricular+leads+and+no+more+than+2+to+3+percent+for+atrial+leads.+These+values+are+higher+in+biventricular+pacing+devices%2C+related+to+coronary+sinus+lead+displacement.+Early+lead+displacements+are+the+most+frequent+cause+of+reintervention%2C+involving+atrial+leads+in+the+majority+of+cases.+After+the+first+six+weeks%2C+late+displacements+are+remarkable+and+they+can+rarely+be+related+to+a+specific+event2.%0A&rft.publisher=Indian+Pacing+and+Electrophysiology+Group&rft.contributor=Singh%2C+Balbir&rft.contributor=Lokhandwala%2C+Yash&rft.contributor=Francis%2C+Johnson&rft.contributor=Gupta%2C+Anup&rft.date=2003-10&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4249%2F1%2Ftoquero.htm&rft.identifier=++Fuertes%2C+Beatriz+and+Toquero%2C+Jorge+and+Arroyo-Espliguero%2C+Ram%C3%B3n+and+Lozano%2C+Ignacio+F++(2003)+Pacemaker+Lead+Displacement%3A+Mechanisms+And+Management.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4249%2F