%A Helene Bosc %A Stevan Harnad %J Learned Publishing %T In a paperless world a new role for academic libraries: Providing Open Access %X Academic libraries should be considered research tools, co-evolving with technology. The Internet has changed the way science is communicated and hence also the role of libraries. It has made it possible for researchers to provide Open Access (OA) (i.e., toll-free, full-text, on-line access, web-wide) to their peer reviewed journal articles in two different ways: (1) by publishing in them in OA journals and (2) by publishing them in non-OA journals but also self-archiving them in their institutional OA Archives. Librarians are researchers? best allies in both of these OA provision strategies. Some of the best examples of these pioneering libraries are described in this article. From them we conclude that an official mandate for OA provision is necessary to accelerate the growth of OA ? and thereby the growth of research usage and impact -- worldwide. %K self-archiving, open access, digital libraries %P 95-99 %V 18 %D 2005 %L cogprints4200