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dc:title "HTML Summary of #4108 \n\nFrom Holistic to Discrete Speech Sounds: The Blind Snow-Flake Maker Hypothesis\n\n";
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bibo:abstract "Sound is a medium used by humans to carry information. \nThe existence of this kind of\nmedium is a pre-requisite for language. It is organized\ninto a code, called speech, which\nprovides a repertoire of forms that is shared in each\nlanguage community. This code is necessary to support the linguistic\ninteractions that allow humans to communicate. \nHow then may a speech code be formed prior to the \nexistence of linguistic interactions?\n \nMoreover, the human speech code is characterized by several\nproperties: speech is digital and compositional (vocalizations\nare made of units re-used systematically in other syllables); \nphoneme inventories have precise regularities as well as\ngreat diversity in human languages; all the speakers of a\nlanguage community categorize sounds in the same manner,\nbut each language has its own system of categorization,\npossibly very different from every other. \nHow can a speech code with these properties form?\n \nThese are the questions we will approach in the paper. We will\nstudy them using the method of the artificial. We will\nbuild a society of artificial agents, and study what mechanisms\nmay provide answers. This will not prove directly what mechanisms\nwere used for humans, but rather give ideas about what kind\nof mechanism may have been used. This allows us to shape the\nsearch space of possible answers, in particular by showing\nwhat is sufficient and what is not necessary. \n\nThe mechanism we present is based on a low-level model of\nsensory-motor interactions. We show that the integration of certain very \nsimple and non language-specific neural devices \nallows a population of agents to build a speech code that\nhas the properties mentioned above. The originality is\nthat it pre-supposes neither a functional pressure for\ncommunication, nor the ability to have coordinated\nsocial interactions (they do not play language or imitation\ngames). It relies on the self-organizing properties of a generic\ncoupling between perception and production both\nwithin agents, and on the interactions between agents."^^xsd:string;
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