?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Combining+Independent+Modules+in+Lexical+Multiple-Choice+Problems&rft.creator=Turney%2C+Peter+D.&rft.creator=Littman%2C+Michael+L.&rft.creator=Bigham%2C+Jeffrey&rft.creator=Shnayder%2C+Victor&rft.subject=Statistical+Models&rft.subject=Language&rft.subject=Computational+Linguistics&rft.subject=Semantics&rft.subject=Machine+Learning&rft.description=Existing+statistical+approaches+to+natural+language+problems+are+very%0Acoarse+approximations+to+the+true+complexity+of+language+processing.%0AAs+such%2C+no+single+technique+will+be+best+for+all+problem%0Ainstances.++Many+researchers+are+examining+ensemble+methods+that%0Acombine+the+output+of+multiple+modules+to%0Acreate+more+accurate+solutions.++This+paper+examines+three+merging%0Arules+for+combining+probability+distributions%3A+the+familiar+mixture%0Arule%2C+the+logarithmic+rule%2C+and+a+novel+product+rule.%0AThese+rules+were+applied+with+state-of-the-art+results+to+two%0Aproblems+used+to+assess+human+mastery+of+lexical%0Asemantics+--+synonym+questions+and+analogy+questions.++All+three%0Amerging+rules+result+in+ensembles+that+are+more+accurate+than+any+of%0Atheir+component+modules.++The+differences+among+the+three+rules+are+not+statistically%0Asignificant%2C+but+it+is+suggestive+that+the+popular+mixture+rule%0Ais+not+the+best+rule+for+either+of+the+two+problems.&rft.publisher=John+Benjamins&rft.contributor=Nicolov%2C+Nicolas&rft.contributor=Botcheva%2C+Kalina&rft.contributor=Angelova%2C+Galia&rft.contributor=Mitkov%2C+Ruslan&rft.date=2004&rft.type=Book+Chapter&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4027%2F1%2Fturney.pdf&rft.identifier=++Turney%2C+Peter+D.+and+Littman%2C+Michael+L.+and+Bigham%2C+Jeffrey+and+Shnayder%2C+Victor++(2004)+Combining+Independent+Modules+in+Lexical+Multiple-Choice+Problems.++%5BBook+Chapter%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F4027%2F