?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=American+Indian+Demographic+History+and+Cultural+Affiliation%3A+A+Discussion+on+Certain+Limitations+of+the+Use+of+mtDNA+and+Y+chromosome+Data&rft.creator=Jones%2C+Peter+N.&rft.subject=Evolution&rft.subject=Population+Biology&rft.description=Mitochondrial+DNA+(mtDNA)+and+Y+chromosome+studies+have+been+used+increasingly+over+the+last+20+years+by+anthropological+geneticists+and+others+to+reconstruct+the+peopling+of+the+Americas+as+well+as+to+infer+American+Indian+cultural+affiliation+and+demographic+histories.++While+the+promise+of+this+method+is+great%2C+there+are+several+problems+inherent+in+some+of+its+current+uses.+These+limitations+are+discussed+concerning+the+following+six+currently+accepted+methods%3A+interpretation+of+coalescent+times+as+times+of+origin%3B+2)+the+current+uses+of+haplogroups%3B+3)+sample+sizes%3B+4)+use+of+language+groups+to+define+population+groups%3B+5)+use+of+contemporary+American+Indian+reservations+to+infer+prehistoric+tribal+history%3B+and+6)+a+combination+of+these+to+determine+American+Indian+population+history%2C+historic+migrations%2C+and+demographic+history.++This+paper+concludes+that+caution+must+be+exercised+in+claiming+too+much+for+the+method.++Instead%2C+it+is+recommend+that+it+be+used+in+conjunction+with+other+established+sources+of+data+such+as+oral+history%2C+ethnography%2C+linguistics%2C+and+archaeology+when+attempting+to+reconstruct+American+Indian+cultural+history+or+in+determining+the+cultural+affiliation+of+groups.&rft.date=2002&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F3725%2F1%2FJonesmtDNA.pdf&rft.identifier=++Jones%2C+Peter+N.++(2002)+American+Indian+Demographic+History+and+Cultural+Affiliation%3A+A+Discussion+on+Certain+Limitations+of+the+Use+of+mtDNA+and+Y+chromosome+Data.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F3725%2F