?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Civil+Society+Iraq%3A+Ethnic%2C+Religious%2C+and+Location+Influences+on+Outgroup+Perception&rft.creator=Gresham%2C+Dr.+JN&rft.subject=Social+Psychology&rft.description=Civil+Society+Iraq%3A+Ethnic%2C+Religious%2C+and+Location+Influences+on+Outgroup+Perception%0AJon+Gresham*%0AApril+2004%0A%0AA+significant+research+question+in+the+immediate+post-war+(May+2003)+environment+of+Iraq%0Awas%3A+%22How+do+Iraqis%E2%80%99+ethnicity%2C+religious+affiliation%2C+and+location+affect+expressed+perceptions+of%0Athreat+from+outgroups%3F%22%0AWe+collected+479+surveys+of+Iraqi+opinions%2C+in+five+locations+in+Iraq%2C+Jordan%2C+and+The%0ANetherlands%2C+with+a+single+page+instrument.+Religion%2C+ethnic+origin%2C+and+location+alone+had+little+direct%0Abearing+on+respondents%E2%80%99+attitudes+towards+outgroups+or+change+(another+type+of+threat)+in+Iraq.%0AHowever%2C+certain+sets+of+interacting+elements+did+reflect+significant+differences+in+perceptions+of%0Athreat.+For+example%2C+Shi%E2%80%99a+Muslims+of+urban+Basra+had+very+different+expressions+towards+return+of%0Aexpatriate+Iraqis+than+did+Baghdad+residents.%0AA+serendipitous+innovation+was+that+of+publishing+our+research+process+onto+a+%22wiki%22+web%0Apage+where+visitors+could+add+to+or+change+contents+of+the+documents.+The+wiki+live+publishing%0Ahelped+fellow+scientists%2C+decision-makers%2C+resource+agencies%2C+and+Iraq+fieldworkers+participate+in+our%0Aproject.%0AWhy+Civil+Society%3F+The+term+describes+both+behavior+and+social+systems+and+provides+a%0Asociological+framework+from+which+to+explore+social+interactions+in+Iraq.%0AFollow-up+is+warranted.+We+found%2C+for+example%2C+that+%22moderate+Arabs%22+in+Iraq+were+the+most%0Aopposed+to+foreign+involvement+and+were+the+most+opposed+to+expatriate+Iraqis+returning+to+Iraq.+This%0Afinding+is+relevant+to+decision-makers+and+field+workers+in+relief%2C+development%2C+and+reconstruction+in%0AIraq.%0AThis+paper+describes+our+research+process+in+a+post-regime-change+environment.+I+would%0Awelcome+comments+onto+the+web+site%3A+http%3A%2F%2FCivilSocietyIraq.seedwiki.com.%0A_____________%0A*+Jon+Gresham+is+a+visiting+scholar+at+the+University+of+Utrecht%2C+Netherlands.+His+work+focuses+on%0Athe+Cyprus-Syria-Iraq-Iran+area.+Special+thanks+are+given+to+Hub+Linssen%2C+Assistant+Professor+at+the%0AUniversity+of+Utrecht%2C+with+interest+in+cross-national+comparative+survey+methodology.&rft.date=2004-04&rft.type=Preprint&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F3645%2F1%2FCSI5_04.pdf&rft.identifier=++Gresham%2C+Dr.+JN++(2004)+Civil+Society+Iraq%3A+Ethnic%2C+Religious%2C+and+Location+Influences+on+Outgroup+Perception.++%5BPreprint%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F3645%2F