?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Sense+of+Self+in+Baby+Chimpanzees&rft.creator=Itakura%2C+S.&rft.creator=Izumi%2C+A.&rft.creator=Myowa%2C+M.&rft.creator=Tomonaga%2C+M.&rft.creator=Tanaka%2C+M.&rft.creator=Matsuzawa%2C+T.&rft.subject=Primatology&rft.subject=Comparative+Psychology&rft.subject=Animal+Behavior&rft.description=Philippe+Rochat+and+his+colleague+tentatively+proposed+that+young+infants'+propensity+to+engage+in+self-perception+and+systematic+exploration+of+the+perceptual+consequences+of+their+own+action+plays+and+is+probably+at+the+origin+of+an+early+sense+of+self%3A+the+ecological+self.+Rochat+and+Hespos+(1997)+reported+that+neonates+discriminate+between+external+and+self-stimulation.+Neonate+tended+to+display+significantly+more+rooting+responses+(i.e.%2C+head+turn+towards+the+stimulation+with+mouth+open+and+tonguing)+following+external+compared+to+self-stimulation.+Rochat+et+al.+(1998)+also+reported+that+2-month-olds+showed+clear+sign+of+modulation+of+their+oral+activity+on+the+pacifier+as+a+function+of+analog+versus+non-analog+condition.+Rochat+and+his+colleague+concluded+that+these+observations+are+interpreted+as+evidence+of+self-exploration+and+the+emergence+of+a+sense+of+self-agency+by+2-month-olds.+We+tried+to+replicate+these+findings+in+infant+chimpanzees.+We+observed+rooting+responses+of+three+baby+chimpanzees+in+two+condition%2C+self-stimulation+and+external+stimulation.+In+external+stimulation+condition%2C+the+index+finger+of+the+experimenter+or+small+stick+touched+one+of+the+infant's+cheeks.+In+self-stimulation+condition%2C+the+experimenter+took+infant's+hand+and+touched+his+or+her+cheek+with+their+fingers.+In+Rochat+and+Hespos%2C+they+recorded+and+analyzed+several+measures+such+as+state%2C+head+movement%2C+mouth+activity+and+so+on.+How+ever%2C+we+analyzed+only+mouth+activities+tentatively.+We+found+infant+chimpanzees+tended+to+show+more+rooting+responses+following+external+stimulation+compared+to+self-stimulation+as+well+as+human+infants.%0AWe+also+carried+out+sucking+experiment+with+two+baby+chimpanzees.+The+experimenter+held+the+pacifier+and+put+the+artificial+nipple+into+the+infant's+mouth.+A+session+started+when+the+infant+take+the+nipple+inside+the+his+or+her+mouth.+Auditory+stimulus%2C+which+was+a+complex+tone+comprised+of+six+harmonics+with+equal+intensity%2C+was+given+to+the+chimpanzee+according+to+the+test+condition+during+their+sucking.+There+were+four+test+conditions+and+each+condition+consisted+with+three+types+of+feedback+as+follows%3A+1)+silent+baseline%2C+contingent%2C+and+steady%2C+2)+contingent+baseline%2C+1-sec+delay%2C+and+3-sec+delay%2C+3)+contingent+baseline%2C+6-sec+delay%2C+and+12-sec+delay%2C+4)+contingent+baseline%2C+1%2F2+efficiency%2C+and+1%2F4+efficiency.+In+test+1%2C+one+infant+chimpanzee+showed+decrease+of+the+minimum+pressure+of+sucking+in+the+contingent+condition.+In+test+2%2C+one+subject+showed+shorter+intervals+of+sucking+in+3-sec+delay+condition.+This+seems+to+be+similar+to+human+infant's.+We+may+be+able+to+postulate+ecological+self+in+baby+chimpanzees+according+to+the+self-exploration.+In+test+3+and+4%2C+we+did+not+obtain+any+effects+of+stimulus+conditions.+Results+of+these+studies.+These+studies+were+conducted+as+the+parts+of+the+chimpanzee+development+project+in+Primate+Research+Institute%2C+Kyoto+University%2C+organized+by+Professor+Tetsuro+Matsuzawa.&rft.publisher=Lund+University+Cognitive+Studies&rft.contributor=Prince%2C+Christopher+G.&rft.contributor=Demiris%2C+Yiannis&rft.contributor=Marom%2C+Yuval&rft.contributor=Kozima%2C+Hideki&rft.contributor=Balkenius%2C+Christian&rft.date=2002&rft.type=Conference+Poster&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2515%2F1%2FItakura.pdf&rft.identifier=++Itakura%2C+S.+and+Izumi%2C+A.+and+Myowa%2C+M.+and+Tomonaga%2C+M.+and+Tanaka%2C+M.+and+Matsuzawa%2C+T.++(2002)+Sense+of+Self+in+Baby+Chimpanzees.++%5BConference+Poster%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2515%2F