--- abstract: 'It was recently hypothesized that depression might function, in part, as a bargaining strategy when cooperation imposes a net cost but there are social constraints on defection (Hagen 1999). If so, such social constraints should be associated with depression, and depression in one partner should be associated with increased investment by other partners. Several predictions of this hypothesis were tested using postpartum depression (PPD) as a model for depression in general. The depression levels, abortion attitudes, additional mating opportunities, and investment in childrearing of 240 mothers and fathers with a new child were measured using self report instruments. Mothers were also asked whether the new child was planned and whether it was wanted. Perceived constraints on abortion correlated significantly with PPD levels, but, as predicted, only for mothers with an unplanned or unwanted child. Contrary to predictions, perceived constraints imposed by family and friends did not correlate with PPD levels. Social constraints on the pursuit of extra-pair copulations also correlated significantly with PPD levels, but, as predicted, only for men. As predicted, PPD levels in one spouse correlated significantly with increased investment in childrearing as reported by the other spouse. PPD levels correlated positively with parity for older women with few future reproductive opportunities, as predicted. ' altloc: - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6H-46MBG2V-1&_user=112642&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235031%232002%23999769994%23334460!&_cdi=5031&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_acct=C000000152&_version=1&_u - http://makeashorterlink.com/?A391410E1 chapter: ~ commentary: ~ commref: ~ confdates: ~ conference: ~ confloc: ~ contact_email: ~ creators_id: - hagen creators_name: - family: Hagen given: Edward H honourific: '' lineage: '' date: 2002-09 date_type: published datestamp: 2002-09-23 department: ~ dir: disk0/00/00/24/70 edit_lock_since: ~ edit_lock_until: ~ edit_lock_user: ~ editors_id: [] editors_name: - family: Daly given: Martin honourific: '' lineage: '' - family: Wilson given: Margo honourific: '' lineage: '' eprint_status: archive eprintid: 2470 fileinfo: /style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png;/2470/1/ppd.pdf full_text_status: public importid: ~ institution: ~ isbn: ~ ispublished: pub issn: ~ item_issues_comment: [] item_issues_count: 0 item_issues_description: [] item_issues_id: [] item_issues_reported_by: [] item_issues_resolved_by: [] item_issues_status: [] item_issues_timestamp: [] item_issues_type: [] keywords: postpartum depression bargaining lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:55:00 latitude: ~ longitude: ~ metadata_visibility: show note: ~ number: 5 pagerange: 323-336 pubdom: FALSE publication: Evolution and Human Behavior publisher: Elsevier refereed: TRUE referencetext: |- Bowman, K. 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Here is the full alternate url of this deposit: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6H-46MBG2V-1&_user=112642&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235031%232002%23999769994%23334460!&_cdi=5031&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_acct=C000000152&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=112642&md5=e3c9b0a8f8c661a680f2c745c9049df8 sword_depositor: ~ sword_slug: ~ thesistype: ~ title: 'Depression as bargaining: The case postpartum' type: journalp userid: 289 volume: 23