?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Language+impairments+in+ALS%2FMND+(Amyotrophic+Lateral+Sclerosis%2FMotor+Neuron+Disease)&rft.creator=Bongioanni%2C+Dr.+Paolo&rft.creator=Buoiano%2C+Dr.+Giancarlo&rft.creator=Magoni%2C+Dr.+Marzia&rft.subject=Neurolinguistics&rft.description=Paolo+Bongioanni+%C2%A7%2C+Giancarlo+Buoiano+C%C2%A7%2C++Marzia+Magoni+%C2%A7%0A%C2%A7+Neuroscience+Dpt.%2C+Univ.+Of+Pisa%2C+Italy%0A%0Ac+Corresponding+author%3A%0AGiancarlo+Buoiano+%0AVia+del+Morello+8+Bargecchia%0AI-55040+Corsanico+(LU)%0Aemail%3A+giancarlo%40neurolinguistics.0catch.com%0A%0A%0ALanguage+impairments+in+Amyotrophic+Lateral+Sclerosis%2FMotor+Neuron+Disease+(ALS%2FMND)%0A%0A+Abstract%0A%0AWe+review+6+papers+on+Motor+Neuron+Disease+(MND)+and+language+impairments.+ALS%2FMND+(Amyotrophic+Lateral+Sclerosis%2FMND)+is+an+wide-ranging+term+used+to+cover+several+derangements+of+the+motor+neurons.+ALS%2FMND+brings+to+progressive+degeneration+of+the+motor+neurons.+The+motor+neurons+control+the+muscles+that+consent+us+to+move+and+act.+%0AUntil+some+years+ago%2C+ALS%2FMND+was+thought+not+to+affect+language+and+higher-order+cognitive+functions%2C+but+at+present+it+is+acknowledged+that+about+3-5%25+of+patients+affected+by+ALS%2FMND+show+cognitive+impairments.+Up+to+date%2C+it+is+not+possible+to+establish+whether+this+subgroup+is+affected+by+ALS%2FMND+and+Fronto-Temporal+Dementia+(FTD)+or+FTD%2FAphasia+syndrome+or+whether+FTD%2Faphasia+syndrome+can+be%2C+in+some+cases%2C+a+consequence+of+ALS%2FMND.+Furthermore%2C+it+is+not+clear+whether+MND%2FFTD+syndrome+brings+to+language+breakdown+or+whether+MND%2FAphasia+can+be+considered+a+self-standing+syndrome.+++Lexical+category-specific+impairments+affect+more+often+than+not+verbs%2C+while+nouns+appear+to+be+by+some+means+preserved.+The+verbs+deficit+is+remarkable+because++it+can+place+a+new+light+on+the+link+between+actions%2C+verbal+and+cognitive+imagery%2C+and+ideomotor+praxis.+Language+impairments+detected+in+ALS%2FMND+point+largely+to+frontal+and+frontostriatal+damages.+%0AActually+functional+neuroimaging+studies+show+reduced+frontal+activation.+Alterations+in+Broca%E2%80%99s+area%2C+DorsoLateral+PreFrontal+Cortex+(DLPFC)+and+fronto-striatal+circuit+have+been+all+reported+in+ALS%2FMND%3A+several+functional+studies+link+Broca%E2%80%99s+area+to+syntactic+processing+and+DLPFC+to+verbs+production+as+well+as+language+Short+Term+Memory+(STM).+A+basic+issue+is+the+link+between+action+and+verbs+and%2C+as+a+result%2C+between+action+syntax+and+speech+syntax.+This+connection+would+be+involved+in+the+origin+of+language%3A+it+would+be+evolved+passing+from+action+to+speech+syntax.+According+to+our+point+of+view%2C+verbs+are+pivotal+in+this+system.+In+short%2C+when+actions+are+missing%2C+verbs%2C+ideomotor+praxis+and+their+neurocorrelates+would+deteriorate.+%0AA+longitudinal+study+on+the+effect+of+massive+motor+derangement+on+the+verb+degeneration+is+at+present+carried+out+by+our+research+group%2C+so+to+date+this+is+a+working+hypothesis+waiting+for+further+evidence.+%0A%0AKeywords%3A+ALS%2FMND%2C+syntax%2C+verbs%2C+action%2C+fronto-striatal+circuit.%0A&rft.date=2002&rft.type=Conference+Paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2438%2F1%2FLanguage_impairments_in_ALS_MND.pdf&rft.identifier=++Bongioanni%2C+Dr.+Paolo+and+Buoiano%2C+Dr.+Giancarlo+and+Magoni%2C+Dr.+Marzia++(2002)+Language+impairments+in+ALS%2FMND+(Amyotrophic+Lateral+Sclerosis%2FMotor+Neuron+Disease).++%5BConference+Paper%5D++++(In+Press)++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2438%2F