<> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^ . <> . . "When marking tone reduces fluency: an orthography experiment in Cameroon"^^ . "Should an alphabetic orthography for a tone language include tone marks? Opinion and\npractice are divided along three lines: zero marking, phonemic marking and various reduced\nmarking schemes. This paper examines the success of phonemic tone marking for Dschang, a\nGrassfields Bantu language which uses tone to distinguish lexical items and some grammatical\nconstructions. Participants with a variety of ages and educational backgrounds, and having\ndifferent levels of exposure to the orthography were tested on location in the Western\nProvince of Cameroon. All but one had attended classes on tone marking. Participants read\ntexts which were marked and unmarked for tone, then added tone marks to the unmarked\ntexts. Analysis shows that tone marking degrades reading fluency and does not help to resolve\ntonally ambiguous words. Experienced writers attain an accuracy score of 83.5% in adding\ntone marks to a text, while inexperienced writers score a mere 53%, which is not much better\nthan chance. The experiment raises serious doubts about the suitability of the phonemic\nmethod of marking tone for languages having widespread tone sandhi effects, and lends\nsupport to the notion that a writing system should have `fixed word images'. A critical review\nof other experimental work on African tone orthography lays the groundwork for the\nexperiment, and contributes to the establishment of a uniform experimental paradigm. "^^ . "1999" . . "42" . . "Kingston Press"^^ . . . "Language and Speech"^^ . . . . . . . . "Steven"^^ . "Bird"^^ . "Steven Bird"^^ . . . . . . "When marking tone reduces fluency: an orthography experiment in Cameroon (PDF)"^^ . . . . . . . . . "lgsp42.pdf"^^ . . . "When marking tone reduces fluency: an orthography experiment in Cameroon (Indexer Terms)"^^ . . . . . . "indexcodes.txt"^^ . . "HTML Summary of #2173 \n\nWhen marking tone reduces fluency: an orthography experiment in Cameroon\n\n" . "text/html" . . . "Phonology" . . . "Psycholinguistics" . .