%A Vyacheslav B. Kashkin %T GRAMMAR AS A PROCESS: Choice Factors in Teaching and Translation %X The pragmatic task of foreign language teaching is learning not static ?rules?, but how to act grammatically, correlating own intentions with the receiver?s possible interpretation, via a consensual domain of foreign languages. Translation combines both tasks. Strategical guidelines in choice factor hierarchy are universal and symmetrical in coding/decoding: situational, stylistic, categorial and lexical background. %D 1996 %K grammar, context, universal grammatical integral, foreign language teaching, translation, choice factor, grammatical action, grammatical process, multilingual parallel translations, language contrasts, present perfect, article %L cogprints211