?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Conditioned+blocking+and+schizophrenia%3A+a+replication+and+study+of+the+role+of+symptoms%2C+age%2C+onset-age+of+psychosis+and+illness-duration&rft.creator=Bender%2C+&rft.creator=M%C3%BCller%2C+&rft.creator=Oades%2C+&rft.creator=Sartory%2C+&rft.subject=Clinical+Psychology&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.subject=Neuropsychiatry&rft.subject=Psychobiology&rft.description=Introduction%3A+%0AMeasures+of+selective+attention+processing+like+latent+inhibition+(LI)+and+conditioned+blocking+(CB)+are+disturbed+in+some+patients+with+schizophrenia.+(LI+is+the+delay+in+learning+about+the+associations+of+a+stimulus+that+has+been+associated+with+no+event+%5Bvs.+de+novo+learning%5D%3B+CB+is+the+delay+in+learning+the+associations+of+a+stimulus-component+when+the+other+component+has+already+started+to+acquire+these+associations.)+We+proposed%2C+-%0Aa)+to+replicate+the+reported+decreases+of+CB+in+patients+without+paranoid-hallucinatory+symptoms%2C+%0Ab)+to+see+if+CB+depends+on+the+age+of+illness-onset+and+its+duration%2C+as+reported+for+LI.+%0A%0AMethods%3A+%0AWe+studied+101+young+and+old%2C+acute+and+chronically+ill+patients+with+schizophrenia%2C+of+whom+62+learned+a+modified+'mouse-in-house'+CB+task%2C+and+compared+them+with+62+healthy+controls+matched+for+age%2C+education+and+socio-economic+background.+%0A%0AResults%3A+%0A1%2F+CB+was+more+evident+in+patients+with+a+diagnosis+of+paranoid+schizophrenia+than+other+subtypes.+%0A2%2F+An+unusual+persistence+of+high+CB+scores+through+testing+was+associated+with+productive+symptoms+(including+positive+thought+disorder).+%0A3%2F+Reduced+CB+related+to+the+increased+expression+of+a)+Schneider's+first+rank+symptoms+of+ideas-of-reference+and+b)+to+negative+symptoms+like+poor+rapport+and+poor+attention.+%0A4%2F+CB+was+less+evident+in+the+older+patients+(age+range+9.5-63.3y)+and+those+with+an+earlier+illness-onset+(range+8.5-45.8y).+%0A%0AConclusions%3A+%0AIn+contrast+to+the+similar+LI+test+of+selective+attention+CB+is+found+in+patients+with+paranoid+schizophrenia+and%2C+unlike+LI%2C+the+expression+of+CB+by+patients+with+schizophrenia+is+not+related+closely+to+illness-duration.+%0AReduced+CB+tended+to+be+found+in+those+with+an+earlier+onset%2C+a+group+often+noted+for+more+severe+cognitive+problems.+These+results+imply+that+CB+and+LI+reflect+the+activity+of+different+underlying+processes.%0AWe+suggest+that+reduced+CB+on+the+first+few+test-trials+in+nonparanoid+schizophrenia+reflects+the+unusual+persistence+of+controlled+information+processing+strategies+that+would+normally+become+automatic+during+conditioning.+In+contrast+continued+CB+during+testing+in+patients+with+positive+(paranoid)+symptoms+reflects+an+unusual+persistence+of+automatic+processing+strategies.%0A%0A&rft.publisher=Elsevier&rft.date=2001&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2051%2F2%2FSchiz-Sch-Res-2001-CB-art.pdf&rft.identifier=++Bender%2C++and+M%C3%BCller%2C++and+Oades%2C++and+Sartory%2C+++(2001)+Conditioned+blocking+and+schizophrenia%3A+a+replication+and+study+of+the+role+of+symptoms%2C+age%2C+onset-age+of+psychosis+and+illness-duration.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F2051%2F