?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Coherent+use+of+information+by+hens+observing+their+former+dominant+defeating+or+being+defeated+by+a+stranger.&rft.creator=Hogue%2C+Mich%C3%A8le+E.&rft.creator=Beaugrand%2C+Jacques+P.&rft.creator=Lague%2C+Paul+C.&rft.subject=Animal+Behavior&rft.subject=Animal+Cognition&rft.subject=Ethology&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.subject=Comparative+Psychology&rft.description=This+study+examines+the+role+of+observation+during+the+formation+of+triads+in+female+domestic+hens.+Results+indicate+that+during+hierarchy+formation%2C+a+hen+observing+agonistic+interactions+and+conflict+settlement+between+its+former+dominant+and+a+stranger+uses+this+information+when+in+turn+confronted+by+the+latter.+Under+a+first+condition+(E%2C+N%3D15+triads)%2C+bystanders+witnessed+their+prior+dominant+being+defeated+by+a+stranger+before+being+introduced+to+them.+In+a+second+condition+(C1%2C+N%3D16+triads)%2C+bystanders+witnessed+the+victory+of+their+prior+dominant+over+a+stranger.+In+a+third+condition+(C2%2C+N%3D15+triads)%2C+bystanders+witnessed+two+strangers+establishing+a+dominance+relationship+before+being+introduced+to+their+prior+dominant+and+to+a+stranger+the+former+had+just+defeated.+The+behavioural+strategies+of+bystanders+depended+on+the+issue+of+the+conflict+they+had+witnessed.+Bystanders+of+the+E+condition+behaved+as+having+no+chance+of+defeating+the+stranger.+They+never+initiated+an+attack+against+it%2C+and+upon+being+attacked%2C+readily+submitted+in+turn+to+the+stranger.+On+the+contrary%2C+bystanders+of+the+C1+condition+behaved+as+having+some+chances+against+the+stranger.+They+initiated+attacks+in+50%25+of+cases%2C+and+won+50%25+of+conflicts+against+the+stranger.+Under+condition+C2%2C+bystanders+first+initiated+contact+with+the+strangers+in+only+27%25+of+cases%2C+which+approximates+the+average+of+their+chances+for+defeating+the+stranger.+However%2C+bystanders+finally+defeated+the+strangers+in+40%25+of+cases.+These+results+suggest+that+bystanders+of+conditions+E+and+C1+gained+some+information+on+the+relationship+existing+between+their+prior+dominant+and+the+stranger+and+that+they+used+it+coherently%2C+perhaps+through+transitive+inference%2C+thus+contributing+to+the+existence+of+transitive+relationships+within+the+triads.+Alternate+explanations+are+examined.&rft.publisher=Elsevier&rft.date=1996&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1939%2F3%2Fhogue-beaugrand-lague-1996.pdf&rft.identifier=++Hogue%2C+Mich%C3%A8le+E.+and+Beaugrand%2C+Jacques+P.+and+Lague%2C+Paul+C.++(1996)+Coherent+use+of+information+by+hens+observing+their+former+dominant+defeating+or+being+defeated+by+a+stranger.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1939%2F