?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=How+to+shift+bias%3A+Lessons+from+the+Baldwin+effect&rft.creator=Turney%2C+Peter+D.&rft.subject=Evolution&rft.subject=Machine+Learning&rft.subject=Statistical+Models&rft.description=An+inductive+learning+algorithm+takes+a+set+of+data+as+input+and+generates+a+hypothesis+as%0Aoutput.+A+set+of+data+is+typically+consistent+with+an+infinite+number+of+hypotheses%3B%0Atherefore%2C+there+must+be+factors+other+than+the+data+that+determine+the+output+of+the%0Alearning+algorithm.+In+machine+learning%2C+these+other+factors+are+called+the+bias+of+the%0Alearner.+Classical+learning+algorithms+have+a+fixed+bias%2C+implicit+in+their+design.+Recently%0Adeveloped+learning+algorithms+dynamically+adjust+their+bias+as+they+search+for+a%0Ahypothesis.+Algorithms+that+shift+bias+in+this+manner+are+not+as+well+understood+as%0Aclassical+algorithms.+In+this+paper%2C+we+show+that+the+Baldwin+effect+has+implications+for%0Athe+design+and+analysis+of+bias+shifting+algorithms.+The+Baldwin+effect+was+proposed+in%0A1896%2C+to+explain+how+phenomena+that+might+appear+to+require+Lamarckian+evolution%0A(inheritance+of+acquired+characteristics)+can+arise+from+purely+Darwinian+evolution.%0AHinton+and+Nowlan+presented+a+computational+model+of+the+Baldwin+effect+in+1987.+We%0Aexplore+a+variation+on+their+model%2C+which+we+constructed+explicitly+to+illustrate+the+lessons%0Athat+the+Baldwin+effect+has+for+research+in+bias+shifting+algorithms.+The+main+lesson+is+that%0Ait+appears+that+a+good+strategy+for+shift+of+bias+in+a+learning+algorithm+is+to+begin+with+a%0Aweak+bias+and+gradually+shift+to+a+strong+bias.&rft.date=1996&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpostscript&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1818%2F1%2FBaldwin.ps&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1818%2F5%2FBaldwin.pdf&rft.identifier=++Turney%2C+Peter+D.++(1996)+How+to+shift+bias%3A+Lessons+from+the+Baldwin+effect.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1818%2F