creators_name: Edmonds, Bruce editors_name: Aerts, Diederik type: journalp datestamp: 2001-08-30 lastmod: 2011-03-11 08:54:46 metadata_visibility: show title: Pragmatic Holism ispublished: pub subjects: phil-sci full_text_status: public keywords: pragmatism, holism, reductionism, representation, modelling, heuristics abstract: The reductionist/holist debate seems an impoverished one, with many participants appearing to adopt a position first and constructing rationalisations second. Here I propose an intermediate position of pragmatic holism, that irrespective of whether all natural systems are theoretically reducible, for many systems it is completely impractical to attempt such a reduction, also that regardless if whether irreducible `wholes' exist, it is vain to try and prove this in absolute terms. This position thus illuminates the debate along new pragmatic lines, and refocusses attention on the underlying heuristics of learning about the natural world. date: 1996-02 date_type: published publication: Foundations of Science volume: 4 number: 1 pagerange: 57-82 refereed: TRUE referencetext: [1] Barwise,J; Perry,J (1983): Situations and Attitudes. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 352 pages. [2] Bremmerman,HJ (1967): Quantal noise and information. 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 4: 15-20. [3] Cutland,NJ (1980): Computability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [4] Edmonds,B (forthcoming): What is Complexity? - the philosophy of complexity per se with application to some examples in evolution. In Heylighen,F; Aerts,D (eds), The Evolution of Complexity, Kluwer, Dordrecht. Also available electronically at http://www.fmb.mmu.ac.uk/~bruce/evolcomp. [5] Fishler,MA; Firschein,O (1987): Intelligence in eye, the brain and the computer. Adison-Wesley, Reading, MA. [6] Gabbay,DM (1994): Classical vs Non-classical Logics (The Univiversality of Classical Logic). In: Handbook of Logic, in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming. Vol. 2. (Eds: Gabbay,DM; Hogger,CJ; Robinson,JA), OUP, Oxford, 359-500. [7] Harnad,S (1990): The symbol grounding problem. Physica D 42, 335-346. [8] Kampis,G (1991): Self-Modifying Systems in Biology and Cognitive Science: A New Framework for Dynamics, Information and Complexity. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 565 pages. [9] Kampis,G (1995): Computability, Self-Reference, and Self-Amendment. Commuincation and Cognition - Artificial Intelligence 12, 91-109. [10] Lofgren,L (1968): An Axiomatic Explanation of complete Self-Reproduction. Bull. Math. Biophys. 30, 415-425. [11] Pattee,HH (1995): Evolving self-reference: matter, symbols and semantic closure. Communication and Cognition - Artificial Intelligence, 12, 9-27. [12] Marquis,J-P (1995): Category Theory and the Foundations of Mathematics: Philosophical Excavations. Synthese 103, 421-447. [13] Rosen,R (1985): Organisms as Causal Systems Which Are Not Mechanisms: An Essay into the Nature of Complexity. In: Theoretical Biology and Complexity: Three Essays on the Natural Philosophy of Complex Systems. (Ed: Rosen,R) Academic Press, London, 165-203. [14] Rosen,R (1991): Life Itself - A Comprehensive Enquiry into the Nature, Origin and Fabrication of Life. Columbia University Press, New York. [15] Rosen,R (1993): Bionics Revisited. In: The Machine as Metaphor and Tool. (Eds: Haken,H; Karlquist,A; Svedin,U) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 87-100. [16] Sarkar,S (1992): Models of Reduction and Categories of Reductionism. Synthese 91, 167-194. [17] Siegelmann,HT (1995): Computation Beyond the Turing Limit. Science 268, 545-548. [18] Simon,HA; (1981), The Architecture of Complexity, in The Sciences of the Artificial, Eds., MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pages 192-229. [19] Turing,AM (1936): On Computable Numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proc. London math. Soc., 2 42, 230-265. [20] Von Neumann,J (1966): Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois. [21] Weinberg,S (1977): The First Three Minutes. Basic Books, New York. [22] Wimsatt,W (1972): Complexity and Organisation. In: Studies in the Philosophy of Sciences. Vol. 20. (Eds: Schaffner,K; Cohen,R) Reidel, Dordretch, 67-86. [23] Yates,FE (1978): Complexity and the limits to knowledge. American Journal of Physiology 235, R201-204. citation: Edmonds, Bruce (1996) Pragmatic Holism. [Journal (Paginated)] document_url: http://cogprints.org/1774/1/pragholA4.ps document_url: http://cogprints.org/1774/5/praghol.pdf