?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Female+transfer+in+primates&rft.creator=Moore%2C+Jim&rft.subject=Animal+Behavior&rft.subject=Behavioral+Biology&rft.subject=Ecology&rft.subject=Ethology&rft.subject=Primatology&rft.subject=Sociobiology&rft.description=Intergroup+transfer+by+males+is+nearly+universal+among+social+primates.+Furthermore%2C+among+the+most+frequently+studied+monkeys+-+savanna+baboons+and+Japanese+and+rhesus+macaques+-+females+typically+remain+in+their+natal+groups%2C+so+troops+are+composed+of+related+matrilines.+These+facts+strongly+support+two+major+theories%3A+1)+that+kin+selection+is+a+powerful+force+in+patterning+sociality+(if+one+is+to+live+in+a+group%2C+one+should+prefer+a+group+of+one's+relatives)%2C+and+2)+that+the+ultimate+explanation+for+intergroup+transfer+is+the+avoidance+of+inbreeding+depression+(though+both+sexes+would+prefer+to+live+with+kin%2C+one+sex+has+to+disperse+to+avoid+inbreeding+and+for+a+variety+of+reasons+the+losing+sex+is+generally+male).+Substantial+rates+of+transfer+by+females+in+social+species+with+routine+male+transfer+would+cast+doubt+on+both+ideas.+In+fact%2C+evidence+reviewed+here+indicates+that+female+transfer+is+not+unusual+and+among+folivorous+primates+(e.g.%2C+_Alouatta_%2C+the+Colobinae)+it+seems+to+be+routine.+In+addition+to+casting+doubt+on+the+demographic+significance+of+inbreeding+avoidance+and+favoring+mutualistic+and%2For+game+theory+interpretations+of+behavior+over+nepotistic+ones%2C+this+finding+supports+the+hypothesis+that+predator+detection+is+the+primary+selective+pressure+favoring+sociality+for+many+primates.+Finally%2C+while+female+bonding+%5B_sensu_+Wrangham%2C+R.+W.+(1980)%2C+_Behaviour_+75%3A+262-299%5D+among+primates+appears+to+be+less+common+than+generally+believed%2C+the+observed+correlation+between+female+transfer+and+morphological+adaptations+to+folivory+provides+empirical+support+for+Wrangham's+model+for+the+evolution+of+female-bonded+groups.&rft.date=1984&rft.type=Journal+(Paginated)&rft.type=PeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F176%2F1%2FFemdelta.html&rft.identifier=++Moore%2C+Jim++(1984)+Female+transfer+in+primates.++%5BJournal+(Paginated)%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F176%2F