?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Creativity%3A+Method+or+Magic%3F&rft.creator=Harnad%2C+Stevan&rft.subject=Cognitive+Psychology&rft.description=Creativity+may+be+a+trait%2C+a+state+or+just+a+process+defined+by+its+products.+It+can+be+contrasted+with%0D%0Acertain+cognitive+activities+that+are+not+ordinarily+creative%2C+such+as+problem-solving%2C+deduction%2C%0D%0Ainduction%2C+learning%2C+imitation%2C+trial-and-error%2C+heuristics+and+%22abduction%2C%22+however%2C+all+of+these+can+be%0D%0Adone+creatively+too.+There+are+four+kinds+of+theories%2C+attributing+creativity+respectively+to+(1)+method%2C%0D%0A(2)+%22memory%22+(innate+structure)%2C+(3)+magic+or+(4)+mutation.+These+theories+variously+emphasize+the+role%0D%0Aof+an+unconscious+mind%2C+innate+constraints%2C+analogy%2C+aesthetics%2C+anomalies%2C+formal+constraints%2C%0D%0Aserendipity%2C+mental+analogs%2C+heuristic+strategies%2C+improvisatory+performance+and+cumulative%0D%0Acollaboration.+There+is+some+virtue+in+each%2C+but+the+best+model+is+still+the+one+implicit+in+Pasteur's%0D%0Adictum%3A+%22Chance+favors+the+prepared+mind.%22+And+because+the+exercise+and+even+the+definition+of%0D%0Acreativity+requires+constraints%2C+it+is+unlikely+that+%22creativity+training%22+or+an+emphasis+on+freedom+in%0D%0Aeducation+can+play+a+productive+role+in+this+preparation.+%0D%0A&rft.publisher=Rodopi&rft.contributor=Cohen%2C+Henri&rft.contributor=Stemmer%2C+Brigitte&rft.date=2007&rft.type=Book+Chapter&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text%2Fhtml&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1627%2F1%2Fharnad.creativity.html&rft.identifier=++Harnad%2C+Stevan++(2007)+Creativity%3A+Method+or+Magic%3F++%5BBook+Chapter%5D+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1627%2F